09-02-20 887 N. Glassell Street - Northern Gateway Commercial Center (DRC 4933-17)AGENDA ITEM
DESIGN REVIEW COMMITTEE
September 2, 2020
TO:
THRU:
FROM:
CHAIR SKORPANICH AND MEMBERS OF THE DESIGN REVIEW
COMMITTEE
Anna Pehoushek, Assistant Community Development Directo�
1. SUBJECT
2. SUMMARY
3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
L Pmy I
Ow:P Dvg Prtn
Pprty La:.l!S
a P D C ()
Z Ca Lmd B (-)
Exsg m:Vca L
L Sz 90 q
Aad M S P .099,Evmn R .164-
1
Pv Ds Rvw m (C)Poject eew:o
4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
p pp q f m g
c 1 f h v 7
l!Dg fu f n mc bg p
roo,c d t mm g etas,ad te fra g rf.Te
h g b rtw r rt g
te f .l!S E os Av,c cn at
DRC ITEM 3. 2.. 1 09/02/2020
5. EXISTING SITE
6. EXISTING AREA CONTEXT
7. ANALYSIS AND STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES
:H G
p
ig 305 S
1928 n f t Co H
r 3
q 9
n o
7
t o S M E ay
.u u
y rv ,t
w
tw M
,
D ton r u t 7
""
DRC ITEM 3.2- 2 09/02/2020
M D
s s oi
y nz v by
s
-di p -ft
A q b
y j (
Ci #3).
,n
y j oo to oco s
p w A ry
A 6 P
d y Cy Dv D
2:Cy S Dopn
j Cy s
Hv,j v
y o pto o lly
j Gl!S E
o aso b ses o
n ,K
w M S Ei s
-
y j O ,
n -e
,w ,h y
i x ss g o 1920 y.
h n
i T rv
Th q ,h
Ov ff rt y
y o e ot o e
l v y
DRC ITEM 3,2- 3 09/02/2020
(Platanus acerifolia)
8. ADVISORY BOARD RECOMMENDATION
,
j R
9. PUBLIC NOTICE
O A 8 2 j
N 4 T R C M
10. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
M N N
j
E Q A
11. STAFF RECOMMENDATION AND REQUIRED FINDINGS
"
z
"(
p,r
DRC ITEM 3.2.. 4 09/02/2020
Secretary of
the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation.
f
A
u u y 20th tury as
.
12. CONDITIONS
ti
A ue
e At 2
(A ,220 rt,c y
y e
C Ay t j
q y w Ce
2 A ,
,e
C I D
D p
e
o qu
DRC ITEM 3.2- 5 09/02/2020
3. Final approval of Mitigated Negative Declaration No. 1864-17 shall include the
following mitigation measures as recommended in the Cultural Resources
Assessment prepared by LSA dated February 2020:
Mitigation Measure CUL-1:
o
o
rvd
/k
o Ay b t .We
y q cg
a g c x,d
q t Rce ssing
b by ry hy
o C f hl rtk g t
.
o Ay l
j b w Cuy
t.
P s rt y h pct s oril
py vy x bg T y
c w l'.I t
y ,g h g g nd
pp v g T g d
p b b h Cy pmt
,/w n
I g y
p g .
•p g
x m t
H A B t dg
pp (rvw
)v l t ts prt,d
p.Cp y Og uty
p prt,H C Og Pu
L Og Cy A.
•A /q
c g
y g A ug w d
g Cy Drt
.
•A q
y g g d p g.A du
DRC ITEM 3.7... 6 09/02/2020
F R (CFR)P 61,x
(P gi)j e y y
ep e,e p-
eee e e e
Pje Te g -g
t T ert ,,
mt y e y v e.
rq i n
7 T j /P
Gvn Si 66020
fs d/xt.T (90)
pot m j I
g ,
y l G
d S 66020
8 I z,j l 2
E b OM S 1708.060
13. ATTACHMENTS
1 Vi M
2 A L P 8/10/2020
3 M M (Cv C)
S P
PR 30 S M S
Pry I S
7 R A ury 2020 (P)
8 M N N 1864-17 A 2020 (Avaabe on
Cty webse o by eques by cang 714-744-7220)
N:\DD\PLN.G\A\D Re\R 49-17 Nrte G C
DRC ITEM a.2. 7 09/02/2020
Vicinity Map
DRC No. 4933-17
Northern Gateway Commercial Center
887 N. Glassell Street
CITY OF ORANGE
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
ATTACHMENT NO. 1
DRC NO. 4933-17;
NORTHERN GATEWAY COMMERCIAL CENTER
VICINITY MAP
Sept. 2, 2020 DRC Meeting
ATTACHMENT NO. 2
DRC NO. 4933-17;
NORTHERN GATEWAY COMMERCIAL CENTER
ARCHITECHURAL, CIVIL, AND LANDSCAPE PLANS (DATE
STAMPED 08/10/20)
Sept. 2, 2020 DRC Meeting
Attachment 3: Color and Material Board and Model
HISTORIC BUILDING
(OFF WHI E) 1
E
NEW RETAIL BUILDING
GLASS- DBL
filE
E AINT DARK GRAY)2
SCU U •(T ALM)4
NORTHERN GATEWAY
887 North Glassell Street
Orange, California
CPR Development, LLC
August 0, 2020
Leason F Pomeroy Ill, FAIA
architect
ATTACHMENT NO. 3
DRC NO. 4933-17;
NORTHERN GATEWAY COMMERCIAL CENTER
COLOR & MATERIAL BOARD AND MODEL
Sept. 2, 2020 DRC Meeting
Design Review No. 4933-17
887 N. Glassel! Street
Site Photographs taken August 28, 2020
Southwest corner of the project site, adjacent to 873/875/877 N. Glassel! Street, facing northeast.
ATTACHMENT NO. 4
DRC NO. 4933-17; 1
NORTHERN GATEWAY COMMERCIAL CENTER
SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
Sept. 2, 2020 DRC Meeting
West property line along N. Glassel! Street, facing south.
2
Northeast corner of the project site adjacent to 890 N. Orange Street, facing east.
3
North property line facing south, across E. Collins Avenue.
4
,___ __ ----- .
Northwest corner of N. Glassel! Street and Collins Avenue, facing west.
5
Northeast corner of N. Glassel! Street and Collins Avenue, facing east.
6
Across N. Glassel! Street from the project site, facing west.
7
PRIMARY RECORD
#:
0
......., _
----- -
d ss to mu at o
pa ye .h rg p g g so g b o w x teds
o v e g bay .er w p ppr ro ed.e bg w r wc
ac fr e weepg ,v pp ure .e bu g st us s
a
(HP6)Co rc il bildig
u )
O O O O O O
(i rvy rprt hr c or enter "none.")
g e C y Ass R ().EGI ()H sto Bui g
v ry Upe .Herig age C y ,.(2 )Oa ge Ht c
vy .
2 O 1 O
(Vw ,,a#)
7
O O
by (Nm ,ffil ,and address)
AEG
p .
C e ,C 7
*9
Or
*0.rvy yp (Describe)
ev
*O O
O O O O D
O O aph O ():
AITACHMENT NO. 5
DRC NO. 4933-17;
NORTHERN GATEWAY COMMERCIAL CENTER
DPR FORM FOR 305 S. MAIN STREET
Sept. 2, 2020 DRC Meeting
Outside 2005 survey area.
B1. Historic Name:Mobil Gas Station
B3. Original Use:COM B4. Present Use:VAC
*B5. Architectural Style:Provincial Revival
*B6. Construction History:(Construction date, atlerations, and date of alterations)Date of Construction:1927
*B9. Architect or Builder:Unknown
Period of Significance:Interwar Development (c. 1921 - 1941)
*B10. Significance:Property Type:Gas station
(Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity. Continues on Pg.4.)
*B8. Related Features:
Date:Original Location:*B7. Moved?
ArchitectureTheme:Area:City of Orange
Structural Integrity:Good Condition - No apparent change to original structure.
(List attributes and codes)
*Date of Evaluation:October, 1991
B11. Additional Resource Attributes:
(This space reserved for official comments.)
*B14. Evaluator:AEGIS
B13. Remarks:
State of California - The Resources Agency
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
*B12. References:
*NRHP Status Code 3S
Built in 1927, this is the oldest remaining gas station in Orange and ranks as one of just a few from the
Twenties remaining in Orange County. The structure is still used as a gas station today. The
distinctive, sweeping gabled roof, which shelters the gas bays, makes the building unique in Orange
County. The small size and pragmatic architecture are typical of the gas stations which began to spring
up with the advent of the automobile in the Twenties. The building is architecturally intact and is an
important piece of automobile history.
Primary #30-160057
HRI #039424
YesNo Unknown
Page 2 of 3 *Resource Name or #:MAIN_S_305__APN_390-681-20
(Assigned by Recorder)
PrehistoricHistoric Both
B2. Common Name:
Applicable Criteria:AC
(Sketch Map with North arrow required.)
DPR 523B (1/95)*Required Information
As of 1991 Survey, individually eligible for National Register.Opportunities
Status change since 1991 Survey: None.
Site Integrity:
(Continues on Pg.3.)
State of California - The Resources Agency
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
CONTINUATION SHEET
Description of Photo:
Primary #30-160057
HRI #039424
Trinomial ORA
Recorded by:
Date Recorded:October, 1991
P3a. Description (Continued from Pg.1):
is in good condition. By all appearances, the building still retains its original architectural
integrity.
DPR 523L (11/98)*Required Information
UpdateContinuation
Page 3 of 3
B6. Construction History (Continued from Pg.2):
Lot Acre:
Principal Building Sqft:112
Planning Zone:NMU-24 # of Stories:1
Years Surveyed:1982, 1991
General Plan:NMIX-24
# of Units:1
B13. Remarks (Continued from Pg.2):
1991
AEGIS
111 Spring St.
Claremont, CA 91711
*Resource Name or #:MAIN_S_305__APN_390-681-20
(Assigned by Recorder)
Listed in National Register:
# of Buildings:1
Kelly Ribuffo
From:
Sent:
Cc:
Subject:
Attachments:
Follow Up Flag:
Flag Status:
-
y [@]
,g ,0 1
L 3 y
bjc
ek b V
//wwvg.m
1
ATTACHMENT NO. 6
DRC NO. 4933-17;
NORTHERN GATEWAY COMMERCIAL CENTER
PRELIMINARY INTERPRETIVE SIGNAGE
Sept. 2, 2020 DRC Meeting
September 2019, Revised February 2020
CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT
COLLINS/GLASSELL NORTHERN GATEWAY PROJECT
887 NORTH GLASSELL STREET
CITY OF ORANGE
ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
ATTACHMENT NO. 7
DRC NO. 4933-17;
NORTHERN GATEWAY COMMERCIAL
CENTER
CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT
(DATED 02/2020)
Sept. 2, 2020 DRC Meeting
September 2019, Revised February 2020
CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT
COLLINS/GLASSELL NORTHERN GATEWAY PROJECT
887 NORTH GLASSELL STREET
CITY OF ORANGE
ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
Prepared for:
Leason F. Pomeroy, FAIA
LP3 Architecture, Inc.
158 North Glassell Street
Orange, California 92886
Prepared by:
Casey Tibbet, M.A. and Gini Austerman, M.A., RPA
LSA Associates, Inc.
1500 Iowa Avenue, Suite 200
Riverside, California 92507
(951) 781‐9310
LSA Project No. LPR1701
National Archaeological Data Base Information:
Type of Study: Records Search, Survey, Architectural Evaluation
USGS Quadrangle: Orange, California
Resources Evaluated: 305 S. Main Street (30‐160057)
Acreage: ~0.5
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) i
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
LSA conducted a cultural resources assessment for the Collins/Glassell North Gateway Project, which
involves properties located at 887 North Glassell Street (Assessor’s Parcel Number [APN] 386‐591‐01)
and 305 South Main Street (APNs 390‐618‐19, 20, 21, and 22) in the City and County of Orange,
California. The assessment included a records search, archival research, field surveys, an impacts
analysis, and this report. The report was originally prepared in September 2019 and, in response to
comments from City staff and minor design changes, was revised in February 2020.
The North Glassell Street property is approximately 12,000 square feet and is currently undeveloped
but is being used to store construction materials. The South Main Street property is approximately
20,000 square feet and developed with a 1920s former gas station building (APN 390‐618‐20). The
proposed project involves the relocation of the former gas station building, a light standard/mast‐arm
sign, and a pole sign to the North Glassell Street property where they will be adaptively reused in
conjunction with a proposed commercial building and related parking. The City as Lead Agency for the
project required this study for both properties as part of the environmental review process to comply
with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).
The purpose of the study is to provide the City with the necessary information and analysis to
determine, as mandated by CEQA, whether the proposed project would cause substantial adverse
changes to any historical/archaeological resources that may exist in or around the project area. In
order to identify and evaluate such resources, LSA conducted a historical/archaeological resources
records search, pursued historical background research, and carried out intensive‐level field surveys.
As a result of these efforts, no potential cultural resources were identified on the property at 887
North Glassell Street. This vacant property was formerly occupied by a service station, including
several underground fuel tanks. In February 2013, a geophysical survey was conducted by Subsurface
Surveys & Associates, Inc., as part of a Phase II Subsurface Environmental Investigation Report
prepared by Black Rock Geosciences (February 2013). Five separate borings ranging from 12 to 20 feet
were drilled in the locations of the former underground fuel tanks and dispenser islands. The purpose
of the survey and Phase II report was to affirm that the tanks and accompanying piping did not exist
and that the soils did not contain contaminants at unacceptable levels. No evidence of the tanks or
accompanying dispensing piping was revealed and all soil samples were below any threshold of
contamination. In order to remove the tanks, the majority of the site would have warranted
excavation to approximately 8 to 10 feet below ground surface. Although no archaeological records
were found regarding this excavation, it is safe to assume that this degree of disturbance would have
revealed cultural materials and/or destroyed any potential cultural materials. Furthermore, a review
of the Prehistoric and Historical Archaeological Sensitivity Maps in the City’s General Plan reveals that
the property is not in an area that was previously identified by the City as potentially sensitive for
archaeological resources. Therefore, no archaeological monitoring is proposed for this part of the
project area.
On the 305 South Main Street property, a 1928 former gas station building was documented and
evaluated. The gas station was previously evaluated in 1982 and 1991 as eligible for listing in the
National Register of Historic Places (National Register) under Criteria A and C. According to the 1982
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) ii
evaluation, the building was primarily significant for its unique architecture and secondarily significant
for its association with 1920s automotive history. The 1991 evaluation made similar findings and a
2010 reevaluation confirmed the earlier findings. Each of the previous evaluations cited the high
architectural integrity as a reason for significance.
Research conducted for this study revealed that the gas station has sustained alterations. Specifically,
around 1980 the east side of the building, which used to be enclosed, was removed and a second
pump island was installed on that side of the building. It was likely at this time when the modern
plaster was applied to the exterior of the building. Because of these alterations, the building does not
retain enough integrity to meet the criteria for listing in the National Register. However, LSA did
evaluate it as eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (California Register)
under Criteria 1 and 3 at the local level for its association with early 20th century automotive culture
and the golden age of gas station construction (1920–1940) and as a distinctive example of a property
type and period (i.e., late 1920s gas station). Therefore, it is a “historical resource” as defined by CEQA.
In order to determine whether the project would result in any substantial adverse changes to the
historical significance of the gas station, LSA completed an impacts analysis using the Secretary of the
Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties (Rehabilitation). Projects that comply with
these Standards are considered to be mitigated to a level that is less than significant. Based on that
analysis, LSA recommends mitigation measures (see below). With the application of these mitigation
measures, the City may make a finding of Less Than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated
for historical resources.
There are no known significant archaeological resources within either property; however, because
the 305 South Main property has been developed with the former gas station and associated
underground storage tanks since the late 1920s, there is a likelihood of intact subsurface cultural
resources. Therefore, potential for subsurface cultural deposits is moderately high in the area
surrounding the former gas station and monitoring by a qualified archaeologist is recommended (see
below). No monitoring is recommended for the 887 North Glassell Street site.
RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
1. Prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy, the owner shall install a historical display in a
visually prominent location, such as the exterior of the building. The display must include a map
that clearly shows the building’s original location. It should detail the history of the building,
including photographs of the building at its original location and photographs or video of the
dismantling and relocation process. The design and proposed location of the display shall be
submitted to the appropriate City staff and/or reviewing body for review and approval prior to
installation. It is suggested that the owner consider designing the display in a manner that
incorporates or references a historic‐period gas pump or other gas station feature.
2. To the extent feasible and considering current code requirements, the landscaped planter on the
southwest side of the historic‐period building shall be redesigned to more closely replicate the
original pump island, subject to review and approval by City historic preservation staff prior to
issuance of a certificate of occupancy.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) iii
3. Monitoring by a qualified archaeologist is required during removal/relocation of the gas station
building since the potential for subsurface cultural deposits is moderately high in the area
surrounding the building. No monitoring is recommended for the 887 North Glassell Street site.
4. Prior to issuance of a permit to relocate the building or the related pole signs, documentation of
the existing condition shall be completed in a manner similar to the Historic American Building
Survey (HABS) standards. Documentation shall include digital photographs (site overviews and
detail shots of the building and signs in their current and proposed locations), a written historic
narrative similar to this report, and a scaled site plan. Copies of this information shall be provided
to the City, the History Center at the main branch of the local library, and the Orange County
Archives.
5. A historic architect and/or qualified architectural historian shall review the final relocation/
reconstruction plans to ensure retention of the character‐defining features and integrity of the
building and pole signs.
6. A historic architect or qualified architectural historian is required to monitor the relocation and
reassembly of the former gas station building and pole signs.
In addition, the following standard conditions are recommended:
If buried cultural materials are encountered during earthmoving operations associated with the
project, all work in that area should be halted or diverted until a qualified archaeologist can
evaluate the nature and significance of the finds.
In the event human remains are encountered, State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 states
that no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made a determination of
origin and disposition pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The County Coroner
must be notified of the find immediately. If the remains are determined to be Native American,
the County Coroner will notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), which will
determine and notify a Most Likely Descendant (MLD). With the permission of the landowner or
his/her authorized representative, the MLD may inspect the site of the discovery. The MLD shall
complete the inspection within 48 hours of notification by the NAHC. The MLD will have the
opportunity to offer recommendations for the disposition of the remains.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... i
RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES ...................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. iv
APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................................... v
FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................ v
TABLE ............................................................................................................................................... v
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1
SETTING .................................................................................................................................................. 4
NATURAL SETTING ........................................................................................................................... 4
Hydrology .................................................................................................................................. 4
Biology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Geology ...................................................................................................................................... 4
CULTURAL SETTING .......................................................................................................................... 4
Prehistory .................................................................................................................................. 4
Ethnography .............................................................................................................................. 5
Orange ....................................................................................................................................... 6
METHODS ............................................................................................................................................. 10
RECORDS SEARCH .......................................................................................................................... 10
ARCHIVAL RESEARCH ..................................................................................................................... 10
ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD SURVEY .................................................................................................. 10
ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY ............................................................................................................... 10
RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................ 11
RECORDS SEARCH .......................................................................................................................... 11
ARCHIVAL RESEARCH ..................................................................................................................... 11
Project Area ............................................................................................................................. 12
Previous Studies ...................................................................................................................... 15
Gas Stations ............................................................................................................................. 15
ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD SURVEY .................................................................................................. 18
ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY ............................................................................................................... 19
SIGNIFICANCE EVALUATION ................................................................................................................. 22
DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................... 22
National Register of Historic Places ........................................................................................ 22
California Register of Historical Resources.............................................................................. 22
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) v
City of Orange .......................................................................................................................... 23
EVALUATION .................................................................................................................................. 23
IMPACTS ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................................................... 25
CHARACTER‐DEFINING FEATURES ................................................................................................. 25
PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................... 26
Relocation Plan ........................................................................................................................ 26
PROJECT ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................................... 27
Standards for Rehabilitation ................................................................................................... 27
RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 32
RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................................................... 32
STANDARD CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................ 33
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................... 34
APPENDICES
A: DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION (DPR) 523 FORMS
B: PROPOSED PROJECT PLANS
FIGURES
Figure 1: Regional and Project Location ................................................................................................. 2
Figure 2: Project Location ....................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 3: Oscar and Elsie Stoller 1927. Source: The Tustin News 1977. ............................................... 13
Figure 4: 1947 Aerial Photograph Showing Project Area. Source: Orange County Archives (2017). ... 13
Figure 5: 305 South Main Street in 1975. Source: Los Angeles Times 1975. ....................................... 14
Figure 6: Don Clark at 305 S. Main. Source: Los Angeles Times 1988c ................................................ 15
Figure 7: 887 North Glassell Street, view to the east (4/12/18) .......................................................... 18
Figure 8: 305 South Main Street. Overview of grass‐covered portion of the property, view facing
north (4/12/18) .............................................................................................................................. 18
Figure 9: Former gas station, south and west elevations, view to the northeast (10/31/17). ............ 19
Figure 10: Former gas station, north elevation, view to the south (4/12/18). .................................... 20
Figure 11: Second floor door in east elevation (10/31/17) .................................................................. 20
Figure 12: Interior ladder, view to the south (10/31/17) ..................................................................... 20
Figure 13: Light standard/mast‐arm sign on South Main Street, view to the northwest
(10/31/17). ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 14: Pole sign on West Palmyra Avenue, view to the northeast (11/14/17). ............................. 21
TABLE
Table A: Documented Resources Mapped at the SCCIC ...................................................................... 11
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 1
INTRODUCTION
In March and April 2018, at the request of the LP3, LSA performed a cultural resources study on two
properties in the City and County of Orange, California (Figures 1 and 2). The subject properties, 887
North Glassell Street (APN 386‐591‐01) and 305 South Main Street (APNs 390‐618‐19, 20, 21, and 22),
are located in Township 4 South, Range 9 West, San Bernardino Baseline and Meridian, as depicted
on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Orange, California 7.5‐minute topographic quadrangle
map. The study is part of the environmental review process for a proposed commercial development
at 887 North Glassell Street that includes relocation and reuse of the former gas station building at
305 South Main Street to the Glassell Street property. The City, as Lead Agency for the project,
required the study in compliance with CEQA (PRC § 21000, et seq.).
LSA performed the present study to provide the City with the necessary information and analysis to
determine, as mandated by CEQA, whether the proposed project would cause substantial adverse
changes to any historical/archaeological resources that may exist in or around either property. In
order to identify and evaluate such resources, LSA conducted a historical/archaeological resources
records search, pursued historical background research, and carried out intensive‐level field surveys.
This report is a complete account of the methods, results, and final conclusion of the study.
ÄÆ22
ÄÆ57
GLASSELL STREETMAIN STREET§¨¦5
LA VETA AVENUE
CHAPMAN AVENUE CAMBRIDGE STREETSOURCE: USGS 7.5' Quads: Orange & Anaheim, 1981, CA; ESRI Streetmap, 2013.
I:\LPR1701\Reports\Cultural\fig1_RegLoc_05-11-2018.mxd (5/11/2018)
FIGURE 1
Collins/Glassell Retail ProjectCultural Resources AssessmentRegional and Project Location
0 1000 2000
FEET
Project Location (305 South Main Street)
Project Location (887 North Glassell Street)
SOURCE: Bing Aerial, 2014; ESRI Streetmap, 2013.
I:\LPR1701\Reports\Cultural\fig2_ProjectAreas_05-11-2018.mxd (5/11/2018)
FIGURE 2
Collins/Glassell Retail ProjectCultural Resources AssessmentProject Areas
Project Location (305 South Main Street)
Project Location (887 North Glassell Street)
0 500 1000
FEET
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 4
SETTING
NATURAL SETTING
The natural setting of the project vicinity is presented based on the underlying theoretical assumption
that humans and human societies are in continual interaction with the physical environment. Being
an integral and major part of the ecological system, humans adapt to the environment through
technological and behavioral changes. Locations of archaeological sites are based on the constraints
of these adaptations, whether it is proximity to a particular resource, topographical restrictions, or
shelter and protection. Sites will also contain an assemblage of artifacts and ecofacts consistent with
the particular interaction.
Hydrology
The project region is characterized by a temperate climate, with dry, hot summers and moderate
winters. Rainfall ranges from 12 to 16 inches annually (Beck and Haase 1974). Precipitation usually
occurs in the form of winter rain, with warm monsoonal showers in summer. The nearest source of
water is the Santa Ana River which, prior to channelization, drained southwesterly toward the Pacific
Ocean. The Santa Ana River channel is less than a mile west of the 305 South Main Street parcel.
Biology
At an elevation of approximately 160 feet above mean sea level (amsl), the project is within the Lower
Sonoran Life Zone of California (Schoenherr 1992), which ranges from below sea level to 3,500 feet
amsl. Natural vegetation has been removed from the project by development and the only pioneer
species noted on the property were xeric grasses. Landscaping vegetation includes oak, sycamore,
and fan palm trees as well as various shrubs. Extensive fauna are known locally, including many
endemic species of reptiles, birds, and insects.
Geology
The project area is located at the northern end of the Peninsular Ranges Geomorphic Province, a 900‐
mile‐long northwest‐southeast trending structural block that extends from the Transverse Ranges to
the tip of Baja California and includes the Los Angeles Basin (California Geological Survey 2002; Norris
and Webb 1976). The province is approximately 225 miles wide, extending from the Colorado Desert
in the east, across the continental shelf to the Southern Channel Islands (Santa Barbara, San Nicolas,
Santa Catalina, and San Clemente) in the west (Sharp 1976). This region is characterized by a series of
mountain ranges separated by northwest‐trending valleys subparallel to faults branching from the
San Andreas Fault. The geology of this province is similar to that of the Sierra Nevada, with granitic
rock intruding into the older metamorphic rocks.
CULTURAL SETTING
Prehistory
Chronologies of prehistoric cultural change in Southern California area have been attempted
numerous times, and several are reviewed in Moratto (2004). No single description is universally
accepted as the various chronologies are based primarily on material developments identified by
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 5
researchers familiar with sites in a particular region and variation exists essentially due to the
differences in those items found at the sites. Small differences occur over time and space, which
combine to form patterns that are variously interpreted.
Currently, two primary regional culture chronology syntheses are commonly referenced in the
archaeological literature. The first, Wallace (1955), describes four cultural horizons or time periods:
Horizon I – Early Man (9000–6000 BC), Horizon II – Milling Stone Assemblages (6000–3000 BC),
Horizon III – Intermediate Cultures (3000 BC–AD 500), and Horizon IV – Late Prehistoric Cultures (AD
500–historic contact). This chronology was refined (Wallace 1978) using absolute chronological dates
obtained after 1955.
The second cultural chronology (Warren 1968) is based broadly on Southern California prehistoric
cultures and was also revised (Warren 1984; Warren and Crabtree 1986). Warren’s (1984) chronology
includes five periods in prehistory: Lake Mojave (7000–5000 BC), Pinto (5000–2000 BC), Gypsum
(2000 BC–AD 500), Saratoga Springs (AD 500–1200), and Protohistoric (AD 1200–historic contact).
Changes in settlement pattern and subsistence focus are viewed as cultural adaptations to a changing
environment, which begins with gradual environmental warming in the late Pleistocene, continues
with the desiccation of the desert lakes, followed by a brief return to pluvial conditions, and concludes
with a general warming and drying trend, with periodic reversals that continue to the present (Warren
and Crabtree 1986).
Ethnography
The project area is near the intersection of the traditional cultural territories the Gabrielino (Kroeber
1976; Heizer 1978). The first written accounts of these southern California tribes are attributed to the
mission fathers, and later documentation was by others indicated below after each section.
Gabrielino
The territory of the Gabrielino included portions of Los Angeles, Orange, and San Bernardino Counties
during ethnohistoric times, and also extended inland into northwestern Riverside County (Kroeber
1976; Heizer 1968). It encompassed an extremely diverse environment that included coastal beaches,
lagoons and marshes, inland river valleys, foothills, and mountains (Bean and Shipek 1978).
The Gabrielino caught and collected seasonally available food resources, and led a semi‐sedentary
lifestyle, living in permanent communities along inland watercourses and coastal estuaries.
Individuals from these villages took advantage of the varied resources available. Seasonally, as foods
became available, native groups moved to temporary camps to collect plant foods such as acorns,
buckwheat, chía, berries, and fruits, and to conduct communal rabbit and deer hunts. They also
established seasonal camps along the coast and near bays and estuaries to gather shellfish and hunt
waterfowl (Hudson 1971).
The Gabrielino lived in small communities, which were the focus of family life. Patrilineally linked,
extended families occupied each village (Kroeber 1976; Bean and Smith 1978). Both clans and villages
were apparently exogamous, marrying individuals from outside the clan or village (Heizer 1968).
Gabrielino villages were politically independent and were administered by a chief, who inherited his
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 6
position from his father. Shamans guided religious and medical activities, while group hunting or
fishing was supervised by individual male specialists (Bean and Smith 1978).
The Gabrielino were described by Johnston (1962), Blackburn (1962–1963), Hudson (1971), and
others.
Orange
The history and development of Orange is well‐documented and several good summaries of its history
have been prepared and are readily available. The following narrative contains consolidated sections
of a history authored by notable local/regional historian Phil Brigandi for the Orange Public Library
(2011). To read it in its entirety and with accompanying photographs, visit
http://www.cityoforange.org/localhistory/oldtowne/index.htm.
In the 1860s, the vast Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana had been broken up, opening the way
for the founding of several new communities. Los Angeles attorneys Alfred Beck Chapman
and Andrew Glassell acquired about 9,400 acres of the old Mexican rancho. In 1870 they had
several thousand acres near the northern end of the rancho subdivided into large parcels (40,
80, and 160 acres) and placed them on the market. Captain [William T.] Glassell, Andrew’s
brother, served as sales agent.
Downtown Orange began in the center of the Plaza. In the summer of 1871, Captain William
T. Glassell drove a survey stake at the common corners of sections 29, 30, 31, and 32, and laid
out a townsite originally known as Richland. In the center, where the two main streets
crossed, eight lots were set aside to create a Plaza Square.
When the town of Richland was laid out a year later, several factors determined its location.
The area was open and generally level, sloping gradually down towards the confluence of
Santiago Creek and the Santa Ana River. The stage road from Los Angeles to San Diego passed
not too far west of the townsite. But most importantly, it could be irrigated from the Santa
Ana River. In order to develop this site, Chapman and Glassell had to buy another large parcel
adjoining their lands. In 1871 an irrigation ditch was dug from the river following the natural
contour down to the townsite. (Canal Street, behind the Mall of Orange, still marks part of its
curving path.) A reservoir was created at the northeast corner of Chapman and Shaffer, and
iron pipe laid under the street down to the Plaza.
The original Richland townsite was made up of eight city blocks, from Grape Street (now
Grand) on the east, to Lemon Street on the west; and from Walnut Avenue (now Maple) on
the north to Almond Avenue on the south. Surrounding the townsite were ten‐acre plots
known as the Richland Farm Lots. The townsite and farm lots covered one square mile.
When the community applied for a post office in 1873, they discovered that there was already
a town of Richland in Northern California, so the community was renamed Orange. Local
legend says the new name was chosen in a poker game, but in fact, it was chosen for its
promotional value. Oranges, and other semi‐tropical crops, were becoming identified with
Southern California, and there was already talk of forming a separate “Orange County.”
What’s more, the Glassell family had once lived in Orange County, Virginia, on what they
called the Richland plantation.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 7
Pioneer Days (1870–1885). The first building in Orange was Captain W.T. Glassell’s home and
tract office, which stood on the south side of Chapman Avenue, just west of the Plaza. As the
1870s moved on, a smattering of wooden store buildings went up, most of them along Glassell
Street. The first two‐story building downtown, the Beach Building, was completed in 1874. In
1875, the Plaza Hotel was built of concrete and adobe. By 1885 a small business district had
developed, with several general stores, livery stables, and even a newspaper office.
Boom & Bust (1885–1900). In 1886–88, following the arrival of the Santa Fe Railroad,
Southern California experienced its most frantic real estate “boom,” and Orange came along
for the ride. The first brick building downtown was built in 1885, and several more followed,
including the two‐story Bank of Orange building (1887), and the three‐story Rochester Hotel.
Civic improvement was the order of the day. The Plaza was created in 1886, and the original
fountain installed in 1887. The first streetlights went in downtown, and residents could ride
streetcars to Santa Ana, Tustin, or El Modena. The railroad reached Orange in 1887, and a
year later the city incorporated. Many of the farm lots around downtown were subdivided for
residential development, and many new streets were opened up. The names of some of
Orange’s best known pioneers are preserved in the tract names—Shaffer, Grote, Harwood,
Chubb, Lockwood, Gardner, Beach, Kogler, Cauldwell, and Culver.
But the “boom” was built on speculation, and it collapsed in 1888. Many of the residential
lots sold during the boom were later sold for taxes, and most of the subdivisions reverted to
agricultural land. About this same time, a mysterious disease (now known to be aphylloxera)
destroyed most of the vineyards that had been the backbone of the local economy. More and
more ranchers began to plant oranges, but it would be several years before the trees matured
and the local economy revived.
Growing Up (1900–1920). Orange’s economy expanded rapidly in the early 20th century, and
downtown grew with it. Most of the landmark buildings around the Plaza were built during
this period, and residential construction increased, spreading further and further out from
the center of town. Instead of single store buildings, downtown businessmen and investors
built “blocks” of connected storefronts, with the upper floors often reserved for apartments
or meeting rooms.
As downtown Orange grew up, residents no longer needed to go to Santa Ana or Anaheim for
major shopping. Saturday nights, the streets around the Plaza would be crowded with people,
doing their shopping for the week. By the end of the First World War, most of the land around
downtown Orange was subdivided for residential neighborhoods.
Growing Out (1920–1950). After World War I, businesses began moving further and further
west from downtown. State Highway 101 came down West Chapman as far as Main Street
[two blocks north of 305 South Main Street where the former gas station is located], before
turning south [on Main Street and passing the former gas station] toward Santa Ana. A little
business district developed at the corner. Since it was midway between Orange and Santa
Ana, it was dubbed “Orana.”
Orange also began to develop an industrial strip along either side of the Santa Fe railroad
tracks. Local packing houses had always been close to the railroad, but now they were joined
by several manufacturing plants, most notably Anaconda Wire & Cable.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 8
In the late 1920s, Orange’s first Planning Commission proposed that all of downtown should
be done over in the then‐popular Mission Revival style. The buildings on the south side of the
first block of East Chapman Avenue were remodeled in that style in 1928, complete with red
tile and stucco arches, but the coming of the Depression put an end to that project.
Residential development continued in the downtown area. New homes were built, filling in
the vacant lots on many blocks, and the last few downtown subdivisions were laid out in the
1920s.
Suburbanization and Decline (1950–1970). After World War II, Southern California began to
grow rapidly, and Orange came along for the ride. New retail areas developed, most notably
along Tustin Avenue. In the early 1970s, both the Mall of Orange (now called The Village at
Orange) and The City Shopping Centre (now the site of The Block at Orange) opened. All of
these developments drew businesses away from downtown.
In the 1950s, the idea of transforming the Plaza area into a pedestrian mall was first floated,
and was widely debated on into the 1960s. In 1965 the City Council went so far as to authorize
a feasibility study for a Plaza Mall plan. The idea was still being talked about in 1967, when
two young architects proposed a 10‐block “Super Plaza” with high‐rise apartments all around
downtown.
Residential development also moved out away from downtown, as many areas that had once
been orange groves or farms were subdivided. By the mid‐1950s, the first large‐scale tract
home developments were being built in Orange, and the City began annexing more and more
of these outlying areas. Orange’s population grew from just 10,000 in 1950 to over 77,000 in
1970.
As the City’s boundaries and population grew, new civic and institutional buildings such as
schools, libraries, fire stations, and churches were constructed and many of the older ones
were enlarged.
Rebirth (1970–Present). The Plaza mall idea had its last gasp in 1969. That same year, Mayor
Don E. Smith proposed a “revitalization” of downtown. Not just the Plaza, but the surrounding
streets as well. First on the agenda was the Plaza Square. In 1970 the old palm trees in the
corners were removed, the streetlights replaced, and new brick sidewalks and planters
installed. Phase Two called for moving out onto Chapman Avenue and Glassell Street, but the
cost of the Plaza work was higher than expected, and the City Council voted not to spend any
more money on the revitalization project.
Major retailers continued to abandon downtown in the early 1970s. In their place, antique
stores began to fill in the old storefronts, and by the 1980s they were the major commercial
force around the Plaza. In more recent years, they have been joined by more restaurants and
cafés, and other businesses. During this same era, people began discovering the downtown
residential neighborhoods. By the mid‐1970s, historic homes began to rise in price as more
and more young families abandoned tract housing to live in the bungalows and
Mediterraneans of old downtown Orange.
In the late 1970s, the plaza idea was revived as a historic preservation project for the area,
and in 1979 the City formed an Old Towne Steering Committee to develop a plan for the future
of downtown Orange. It was decided to continue the brick sidewalks of 1970 out onto the
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 9
spoke streets, adding specially designed street furniture. The work on the new streetscapes
for North and South Glassell was done in 1983. Matching brickwork on East and West
Chapman followed in 1985.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 10
METHODS
RECORDS SEARCH
On April 12, 2018, LSA Senior Archaeologist Gini Austerman conducted a cultural resources records
search for the current project area at the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) at the
California State University Fullerton. The SCCIC houses the pertinent archaeological site and survey
information necessary to determine whether cultural resources are recorded within the study area
boundaries and which specific areas have been previously surveyed. The research included a review
of all recorded historic and prehistoric archaeological sites within one mile of the project, as well as a
review of known cultural resource survey and excavation reports. In addition, LSA examined the
California State Historic Property Data File (HPD), which includes the National Register, California
Historical Landmarks (CHL), California Register, and California Points of Historical Interest (CPHI),
various local historic registers, and historic maps.
ARCHIVAL RESEARCH
LSA completed archival research during the months of November 2017 and March and April 2018.
Research methodology focused on the review of a variety of primary and secondary source materials
relating to the history and development of the project area. Sources included, but were not limited
to, online sources, published literature in local and regional history, news articles, historic aerial
photographs, and historic maps. A complete list of all references is included at the end of this report.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD SURVEY
On April 12, 2018, Ms. Austerman visited both properties; the 887 North Glassell property was not
accessible due to construction fencing of the perimeter. Portions of the 305 South Main Street
property were surveyed in systematic parallel transects spaced by approximately 10 meters
(approximately 30 feet), where possible. Special attention was given to areas of exposed soil for
surface artifacts and features and to stratigraphy and rodent burrows for evidence of buried midden.
The purpose of this survey was to identify and document—prior to the beginning of ground‐disturbing
activities—any cultural resources and thus also to identify any area(s) that might be sensitive for
buried cultural resources.
ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY
On October 31, 2017, LSA architectural historian, Casey Tibbet, conducted the intensive‐level
architectural survey of the former gas station located at 305 South Main Street. During the survey,
Ms. Tibbet took numerous photographs of the exterior of the building and its setting. In addition, she
made detailed notations regarding the structural and architectural characteristics and current
conditions of the building and associated features. She then conducted a brief reconnaissance survey
of the vicinity to determine whether the project area is within a potential historic district. On
November 14, 2017, LSA architectural historian Gene Heck conducted a follow‐up survey and
photographed the light standard/mast‐arm sign and pole sign related to the former gas station.
The property at 887 North Glassell Street was not surveyed by the architectural historian since there
are no historic‐period buildings, structures, or features on it.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 11
RESULTS
RECORDS SEARCH
Data from the SCCIC indicate that there have been 32 previous cultural resource studies conducted in
the records search area, none of which includes the project. Thirteen cultural resources have been
mapped within the one‐mile radius of the project, none of which is located within the project parcels.
Of the 13 resources, two are historic districts (30‐158679 and 30‐159932), which consist of over 1,300
properties, many of which are listed in the National Register, one is a railroad alignment, and 10 are
historic‐period buildings/features. No prehistoric resources have been documented within one mile
of the project.
The Old Towne Orange Historic District (30‐159932) was added to the National Register in 1997 and
encompasses a one‐mile square area that contains over 1,300 homes and other types of buildings.
The structures within the District represent more than 50 different architectural styles and exemplify
life in Orange between the years of 1888 and 1940. The Plaza Historic District (30‐158679) includes
53 buildings, 35 of which are listed in the National Register.
A review of the HPD listed the property at 305 South Main Street (30‐160057) as a 1927 Mobile Gas
Station with a status code of 5S2, individual property eligible for local listing or designation. This
property was not noted in the SCCIC database. Table A provides the list of cultural resources that are
documented and mapped at the SCCIC.
Table A: Documented Resources Mapped at the SCCIC
Primary # Site Description
30‐158658 172 N. Glassell Street; Pantages/Orange Theater
30‐158679 The Plaza Historic District; 53 buildings 35 of which are National Register listed
30‐158680 Intersection of Chapman/Glassell; The Orange Plaza developed in 1886
30‐158686 333 N. Glassell Street; Chapman College; built in 1913
30‐158759 163 South Cypress Street; Parker House built in 1887
30‐158935 185 South Center Street; St. John’s Lutheran Church built in 1913
30‐159075 192 South Orange Street; First Baptist Church of Orange; built in 1893 and National Register listed
30‐159124 205 E. Palmyra, Orange; C.Z. Culver House built in the 1880s and National Register listed
30‐159820 414 East Chapman Avenue, Orange; Lewis Ainsworth House built in 1910
30‐159886 370 North Glassell; Orange Intermediate School/Central Grammar School; National Register listed
30‐159932 Old Town Orange Historic District; 1,750+ properties listed in the National Register
30‐161827 2900 North Flower Street, Santa Ana; Smiley House built in 1911 and National Register listed
30‐176663 Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway
ARCHIVAL RESEARCH
This section provides historical information about the project area, previous studies involving the project
area that were not found as part of the records search, and a historical overview of gas stations.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 12
Project Area
No research was conducted for the property at 887 North Glassell Street, since it is currently
undeveloped.
No original building permits were found for the building at 305 South Main Street; however, according
to Phil Brigandi, noted local historian, it was constructed around 1928 and was first operated by Fritz
Christiansen and Carl Grow (Brigandi 2017). This is supported by a mortgage document dated June
26, 1928, which lists Marine Refining Corporation as mortgagee and service station proprietors F.J.
Christiansen and his wife Edith and Carl E. Grow and his wife Clara as the mortgagors (Mortgage
1928:186). The document further indicates that the mortgagors transferred all rights to the property
to Peter and Emilie K. Goddicksen who then leased it back to Carl Grow (Ibid.). The property as
described in the document included “a store room, dwelling and garage building” (Ibid.).
Fritz J. Christiansen was born around 1880 in Denmark and immigrated to the United States in 1905
(Ancestry.com var.). In 1926, he was listed as a cabinet maker and was living with his wife Edith M. in
Portland, Oregon (Ibid.). Carl Emerson Grow was born in Illinois in 1899 (Ibid.). A 1927 news article
states that Grow, who lived in Montana, was in Stanton (approximately five miles west of Orange)
visiting the Rutledge family (Santa Ana Register 1927). The following year (1928), another article lists
both Grow and Christiansen as guests at J.H. Rutledge’s 69th birthday celebration in Anaheim (Santa
Ana Register 1928).
In 1929, Christiansen & Grow service station is listed in the Orange County directory at 305 S. Main
and Christiansen & Grow grocery is listed at 313 S. Main (Western Directory Company 1929). At that
time, the Christiansens were living at 1309 Palmyra Place and the Grows were living on site at 313 S.
Main Street (Ibid.). In December 1934, Emilie Goddicksen, now a widow, canceled the lease
(Cancellation [sic] of Lease 1934). In 1935, City directories list Carl Grow, a salesman for Gilmore Oil
Company, living on East Sycamore and Fritz Christiansen as a carpenter (Ancestry.com var.).
Christiansen and Grow appear to have had no further association with the property.
Beginning in 1935, Oscar Stoller is listed as operating a service station and grocery at 305–313 S. Main
(Ancestry.com var.). Oscar was born in South Dakota in 1901 and came to California in 1925
(Ancestry.com var.; The Tustin News 1977). In 1927, Oscar married Elsie K. Goddicksen, daughter of
Peter and Emilie Goddicksen (The Tustin News 1977; Figure 3). In 1930, Oscar was listed as a salesman
at a dairy and in 1932 he was listed as a mechanic (Ancestry.com var.). The Stollers, along with their
son Marvin, lived at 313 S. Main Street from at least 1939 to 1950 (Ibid.). For at least the first few
years, the Stollers operated the gas station and the grocery, but in 1949 and 1950 the gas station was
operated by Charles F. Akins who lived on Clark Street (Ibid.). In 1952, the Stollers were listed at 10161
Newport Avenue, Route 1, in Santa Ana and the gas station was operated by Don T. Clark (Ibid.).
During the time the Stollers were associated with the property, the area was still largely developed
with citrus groves, but by the late 1940s it was beginning to transition from agriculture to a more
suburban landscape (Figure 4.)
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 13
Figure 3: Oscar and Elsie Stoller 1927. Source: The Tustin News 1977.
Figure 4: 1947 Aerial Photograph Showing Project Area. Source: Orange County Archives (2017).
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 14
Donald Teegarden Clark was born in October 1912 and grew up in Orange on West Palmyra Avenue
with a twin brother (Duncan) and eight other siblings (Ancestry.com var.). His father was a citrus
rancher and Don T. was a third generation Orange County resident (Ibid.; Los Angeles Times 1988a).
By age 12, Don was “servicing Model A’s and Model Ts” and later “owned his own automotive
electrical firm” (Los Angeles Times 1988a). By 1950, Don was listed as doing automotive repair at 315
West Chapman Avenue in Orange and living at 334 South Orange Street with his wife Jean (nee
Granite) (Ancestry.com var.). That same year, Don and Jean welcomed son Dean Granite Clark (Ibid.).
By 1952, Don was the operator of the service station at 305 S. Main Street, but his residence remained
at 334 South Orange Street (Ibid.). From 1956 to 1960, voter registration records list Don Clark at 313
South Main Street, but from 1962 to at least 1974 he is listed at 220 South Feldner Road in Orange
(Ibid.).
Building permits indicate that from 1952 to at least 1975, Don leased the property from General
Petroleum Company or Mobil Oil (City of Orange var.). In 1952, a permit was issued to hang a Mobilgas
sign and additional sign permits were issued in 1960 and 1975 (Ibid.). A newspaper photograph from
1975 shows that the east side of the building was enclosed at that time (Figure 5). In 1980, a permit
was issued to owner Don Clark of Don Clark’s Mobil Station to repair the office, which had been
damaged when a car ran into it (Ibid.; Los Angeles Times 1988a). It is possible that the pump island on
the east side of the building was added at this time.
Figure 5: 305 South Main Street in 1975. Source: Los Angeles Times 1975.
In 1988, it was noted that Clark not only sold gas, but also serviced cars and this building may have
housed the service bays (Los Angeles Times 1988a).
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 15
In July 1988, according to a Los Angeles Times
story, the gas station was in jeopardy of losing
Mobil as its supplier because it was not doing
enough business (Los Angeles Times 1988a). In
response, Mr. Clark stated that he would not go
out of business “unless I’m stepped on and
squeezed out” (Ibid.; Figure 6). In August 1988,
Clark refused to let a contractor take away his
Mobil sign and reiterated his refusal to
disassociate with Mobil or close down (Los
Angeles Times 1988b). According to Mobil Oil
Company, the station was selling less than the
200,000 gallons required annually for
independent dealers and therefore he was no
longer going to be receiving deliveries of gas
and would not be able to use the Mobil credit
card machine (Ibid.). Don died just two years
later in 1990 (Ancestry.com var.). Since then,
the gas station has been used for other retail
enterprises including most recently, a flower
shop.
Figure 6: Don Clark at 305 S. Main. Source: Los
Angeles Times 1988c
Previous Studies
The former gas station building at 305 South Main Street was previously evaluated in 1982 and 1991
as eligible for listing in the National Register. According to the 1982 evaluation, the building was
primarily significant for its unique architecture and secondarily significant for its association with
1920s automotive history (Les 1982).
In 1991, the building was evaluated as eligible for listing in the National Register under Criteria A and
C for its association with automobile history and its unique architecture. This evaluation, which
indicates it is the oldest surviving gas station in the City of Orange and one of a few remaining from
the 1920s in Orange County, was confirmed in 2010.
As previously noted, the California Office of Historic Preservation’s Historic Property Database (HPD)
lists the property at 305 South Main Street as eligible for designation under the local ordinance.
However, the local ordinance only includes criteria for historic districts, not individual properties.
Gas Stations
In the early 1890s, J. Charles and Frank Duryea perfected a gasoline engine motor car (Margolies
1993:17). By 1898, there were approximately 800 cars in the United States and just two years later,
in 1900, there were about 8,000 (Ibid.). In 1902, the first underground gasoline tanks were used and
in 1903, Henry Ford founded his company (Ibid.). By 1909, Ford had sold more than 19,000 Model Ts
and the government and businessmen were responding to the demands for good roads and auto‐
related services (Ibid.). One of the first basic problems associated with cars was how to get gasoline
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 16
into the tank. Initially, people bought large drums full of gas and stored them at home, using a bottom
spigot to drain gas into a smaller spouted can that they could pour into the tank (Ibid.). While this
process worked, it had several drawbacks, especially the threat of fire.
“The first retail outlets for gas were blacksmith shops and hardware and grocery stores, the same
places where kerosene was bought to burn in lamps” (Margolies 1993:6). Initially, the same process
used at home was used at the retail outlet, although sometimes a barrel was wheeled out to the car
or horse‐drawn tanks made house calls (Ibid.). Around 1905, the Bowser self‐measuring pump, which
was originally designed in 1885 to deliver coal oil, was adapted for gasoline facilitating the curbside
“filling station,” which was commonly associated with hardware and grocery stores (Ibid.). By 1915,
curbside filling stations with related underground tanks had been developed by a host of
manufacturers and were proliferating in urban areas (Jakle and Sculle 1994:135). However, this
innovation resulted in new problems. For example, traffic frequently jammed up as cars waited in line
for service and the curbside location of the pumps made them extremely vulnerable to damage. These
issues, as well as a wave of new fire safety laws, brought about the demise of curbside filling stations
in large cities after 1920 (Ibid.).
Although not as prevalent as the curbside stations, “off‐street, drive‐in gasoline stations” did exist
before 1920 (Jakle and Sculle 1994). For example, in 1907, a drive‐through station was opened in
Seattle that included a little building off of the street with a tank on a platform, a glass measuring
device, and a hose (Margolies 1993). As curbside stations declined, drive‐in stations increased. In
1921, there were about 12,000 drive‐in stations; this jumped to 116,000 by 1927, and 143,000 by
1929 (Margolies 1993:44). Similarly, the number of gas stations as independent businesses also
skyrocketed. In 1919, about 47 percent of the gas sold was by grocery stores, general stores, and
hardware stores, but by the end of the 1920s these outlets had virtually disappeared (Ibid.). “In 1929,
gas and filling stations were selling 91.7 percent of the gasoline produced” (Margolies 1993:44).
Initially, the drive‐in stations were “amorphous and architecturally undistinguished little shacks and
sheds” that were popular because they were simple and inexpensive and “the little guy with only a
couple of pumps out front often wanted just a makeshift shelter‐station” (Margolies 1993:54). These
tiny stations popped up all over the country. They were followed by prefabricated “cracker boxes,”
which were so popular in the mid‐teens that by the 1920s, when Shell Oil Company was using them
extensively in California, there were thousands of them across the country (Ibid.). Another innovation
that occurred in the mid‐teens was the addition of a canopy (Jakle and Sculle 1994). In 1916, Standard
Oil of Ohio pioneered a prefabricated 15‐foot square building with a canopy supported by a single
post and in 1918, Gulf Oil had a brick and tile roofed building with a canopy supported by four brick
columns (Ibid.).
The period from 1920 to 1940 has been identified by at least one author as the golden age of gas
stations (Margolies 1993). During this period, numerous different types and styles of stations were
developed. After 1920, oil companies started moving away from the cracker boxes and began
investing in neighborhood stations that were typically located on corner lots in residential areas (Jakle
and Sculle 1994). Most of these were designed to look like small houses and many were prefabricated
(Ibid.). Throughout the decade, designs ranged from modest English cottages, to more elaborate
classical styles, to programmatic examples designed to look recognizable objects (e.g., a lighthouse, a
windmill, or a teepee) (Margolies 1993). All of these variations share the same idea of using the station
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 17
building as a form of advertising. Even the pumps were designed to be attractive and enticing
(Margolies 1993).
It was during this period, when designs went from unattractive and not very well‐equipped filling
stations to beautiful and extravagant service stations (Jakle and Sculle 1994). In 1923, tetraethyl was
introduced to reduce engine knocking and in 1925 open service pits began being replaced by hydraulic
lifts and enclosed service bays (Ibid.). Stations began incorporating larger landscaped lots, wider
driveways, islands with several pumps, and clean restrooms (Ibid.). By the end of the decade, some
included sales rooms, car wash facilities, and uniformed attendants who provided a variety of courtesy
services like checking the customer’s oil, cleaning the windshield, and filling the radiator and tires
(Jakle and Sculle 1994; Margolies 1993). All of this culminated in the “one‐stop superstation” of the
late 1920s (Margolies 1993). These were huge stations with multiple pumps (one in Washington D.C.
had 52 pumps) and service bays, lounges, and round the clock service seven days a week (Ibid.).
“The overbuilding of gas stations in the 1920s was exceeded only by the building boom of the 1930s.
There were 143,000 retail outlets for gas in 1929, 170,000 by 1933, and this number ballooned to a
staggering 231,000 in 1940” (Margolies 1993:58). This accelerated the competition for customers and
uniforms and services became more elaborate as did advertising campaigns and promotional
giveaways (Ibid.). Gone were the days of blending into the neighborhood, now the trend was to stand
out. During this period, canopies became less popular, possibly because they blocked the view of the
building which was often designed to be as eye‐catching as possible. Another tactic for standing out
was to offer cut‐rate prices by providing no frills service. This often came from private brand
companies known as “independents” and foreshadowed the self‐service stations we have today
(Ibid.).
During World War II, gas station construction basically came to a halt and there were shortages of
rubber and gasoline. After the war, people took to the road like never before and demand for gas
increased dramatically. In 1948, for the first time the United States “became a net importer of crude
oil” in order to meet the demand (Margolies 1993:84). Although gas station designs were changing in
the postwar period, incorporating aluminum accents and all glass fronts, high quality service remained
an important feature into the late 1950s (Ibid.). By the 1960s, station designs were becoming more
economical, practical, and spare with concrete block taking the place of prefabricated steel as the
primary building material (Ibid.). During this period, canopies came back in a wide array of shapes and
sizes, but the primary new design feature was branding by way of a consistent company‐specific
design aesthetic (Ibid.). The complex corporate logos featuring animals and other images as mascots
were replaced with large symbols and the corporate name.
From 1965 to 1990, gas stations continued to evolve. In the mid‐1960s as the interstate highway
system bypassed old commercial centers and downtowns, stations became even more homogenous.
The gas shortages in 1973 and 1979 and reduced speed limits intended to conserve gas contributed
to a less fun driving experience. Self‐service gas stations grew in popularity after the 1973–1974 gas
shortage. “In 1969 only 16 percent of gas was sold self‐serve, a figure that rose to 35 percent by 1975,
72 percent by 1982, and 80 percent by 1987” (Margolies 1993:113). In the early 1980s, gas stations
began pairing with convenience stores, which had begun to struggle as standalone businesses (Ibid.).
This led to some sprucing up of the design aesthetic, but the traditional service station was in decline.
The number of service stations in operation dropped by 51 percent between 1972 and 1990 as cars
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 18
became more fuel efficient and reliable and repair services became more specialized (Ibid.). Although
gas stations have come full circle from pumps in front of grocery stores to pumps in front of
convenience stores, it is unlikely that the wildly individual designs and over‐the‐top service
characteristic of their golden age will return any time soon.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD SURVEY
As stated previously, the property at 887 North Glassell Street was inaccessible and therefore no
pedestrian survey was conducted. Photographs were taken through gaps in the fence and the survey
was conducted by use of a high resolution‐capacity aerial drone, which revealed that the property is
currently being used for storage of vehicles and equipment as well as stockpiling of concrete, gravel,
and dirt (Figure 7).
The field survey of the 305 South Main Street property revealed that ground‐surface visibility in the
majority of the project is completely obscured due to being developed with a small commercial
structure, outbuildings, and garage, as well as an associated asphalt‐covered parking lot. An
undeveloped area in the northeastern quarter of the project is covered with a moderate amount of
dried grasses, shrubbery, and several trees of varying size (Figure 8). No surface archaeological
resources were observed during the survey; although the likelihood of subsurface archaeological
material is high based on the building’s estimated late 1920s construction date.
Figure 7: 887 North Glassell Street, view to the
east (4/12/18)
Figure 8: 305 South Main Street. Overview of
grass‐covered portion of the property, view
facing north (4/12/18)
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 19
ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY
As previously discussed, there are no historic‐period buildings or features on the property at 887
North Glassell Street.
During the field survey of 305 South Main Street, one historic‐period building was observed within
the project area. This small two‐story building is rectangular in plan and situated in the northwest
corner of the property (Figures 9 through 14). The building’s most distinctive feature is its high‐pitched
gable roof with extremely wide, curved eaves that extend to the former pump islands on the west and
east sides of the building (Figure 9). The extended eaves, which give the building a whimsical fairytale
flavor, are supported by plaster‐covered horizontal beams atop two posts. On the north and south
sides of the building, the narrow eaves are supported by knee braces. The exterior walls are covered
with modern plaster.
Figure 9: Former gas station, south and west elevations, view to the northeast (10/31/17).
The north and south elevations each have a small attic vent, a second‐story wood‐framed window
flanked by decorative shutters, and a ground floor multi‐paned window (Figures 9 and 10). The
second‐story windows are both set in a larger, square depression in the wall and the first‐floor window
on the north end has 12 panes while the one in the south elevation has 11. The east and west
elevations each have a wood and glass door flanked by six‐paned (two over three) windows. The doors
have nine‐paned (three over three) windows above a wood panel with an X pattern. The second story
of the west elevation has a window flanked by decorative shutters and the second story of the east
elevation has a small wooden door with an exterior handle at the south end near the top of the wall
(Figure 11). A small ledge is right below the door. Through the windows, a drop down staircase is
visible (Figure 12).
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 20
Figure 10: Former gas station, north elevation, view to the south (4/12/18).
Figure 11: Second floor door in east elevation
(10/31/17)
Figure 12: Interior ladder, view to the south
(10/31/17)
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 21
In addition to the former gas station building, there are small concrete pump islands on the west and
east sides of the building, a light standard/mast‐arm sign adjacent to South Main Street (Figure 13),
and a short pole sign adjacent to West Palmyra Avenue (Figure 14).
Figure 13: Light standard/mast‐arm sign on
South Main Street, view to the northwest
(10/31/17).
Figure 14: Pole sign on West Palmyra Avenue,
view to the northeast (11/14/17).
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 22
SIGNIFICANCE EVALUATION
Based on the research results discussed above, the following sections present the historical
significance evaluation for the former gas station and the conclusion as to whether it qualifies as a
“historical resource” as defined by CEQA. Because the building was previously evaluated as eligible
for listing in the National Register, it is being evaluated under the National Register and California
Register criteria. There are no local criteria for individual properties.
DEFINITIONS
CEQA (PRC Chapter 2.6, Section 21083.2 and CCR Title 145, Chapter 3, Article 5, Section 15064.5) calls
for the evaluation and recordation of historical resources. The criteria for determining the significance
of impacts to historical resources are based on Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines and Guidelines
for the Nomination of Properties to the California Register. Properties eligible for listing in the
California Register and subject to review under CEQA are those meeting the criteria for listing in the
California Register, National Register, or designation under a local ordinance.
National Register of Historic Places
A cultural resource is evaluated for eligibility for listing in the National Register according to four
criteria. These criteria generally require that the resource be 50 years of age or older and significant
at the local, state, or national level according to one or more of the following:
A. It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local
or regional history;
B. It is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past;
C. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or
represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values, or that
represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction;
and/or
D. It has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the prehistory or history of
the local area, California, or the nation.
The National Register also requires that a resource possess integrity, which is defined as “the ability
of a property to convey its significance.” The aspects of integrity are location, design, setting,
materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. To determine which of these factors are most
important will depend on the particular National Register criterion under which the resource is
considered eligible for listing.
California Register of Historical Resources
The California Register criteria are based on National Register criteria. For a property to be eligible for
inclusion in the California Register, one or more of the following criteria must be met:
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 23
1. It is associated with the events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of
local or regional history, or the cultural heritage of California or the United States;
2. It is associated with the lives of persons important to local, California, or national history;
3. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method or construction, or
represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values; and/or
4. It has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the prehistory or history of
the local area, California, or the Nation.
In addition to meeting one or more of the above criteria, the California Register requires that sufficient
time has passed since a resource’s period of significance to “obtain a scholarly perspective on the
events or individuals associated with the resource.” Fifty years is used as a general estimate of time
needed to develop the perspective to understand the resource’s significance (CCR 4852 [d][2]).
The California Register also requires that a resource possess integrity, which is defined as “the
authenticity of an historical resource’s physical identity evidenced by the survival of characteristics
that existed during the resource’s period of significance” (California Office of Historic Preservation
1999:2). To retain integrity, a resource should have its original location, design, setting, materials,
workmanship, feeling, and association. Which of these factors is most important depends on the
particular criterion under which the resource is considered eligible for listing (California Office of
Historic Preservation 1999).
City of Orange
The City of Orange has criteria for evaluating historic districts, but not for evaluating individual
resources, such as buildings. Since neither property has the potential to qualify as a district, no further
consideration of the City’s criteria is provided in this report.
EVALUATION
In summary, the property at 887 North Glassell Street is undeveloped and no resources were
identified that require evaluation. The property at 305 South Main Street (30‐160057) is developed
with a circa 1928 building that was used as a gas station until at least 1990. The station dates to the
golden age of gas stations (1920–1940) when thousands were built across the country to meet the
demands of the new motoring public. These stations ranged from small sheds with one pump to
elaborate, multi‐pump stations designed in a wide range of architectural styles. Photographs from the
mid‐1970s reveal that the current configuration of the building represents a fairly major alteration.
Specifically, as late as 1975, the east side of the building was enclosed and there was only one pump
island on the west side of the building. In 1980, a building permit was issued to repair damage that
resulted from a car hitting the building. This may be when the building gained its current configuration
with pump islands on both sides. Throughout the historic period, the gas station was most closely
associated with Fritz Christiansen and Carl Grow (1928–1934), Oscar Stoller (1935–1952), and Don T.
Clark (1952–1990). None of these people appears to be a significant historical figure. Previous
evaluations (1982, 1991, and 2010) of the gas station found it eligible for listing in the National
Register under Criterion A for its association with early automobile culture and Criterion C for its
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 24
unique, highly intact architecture and design. None of the earlier evaluators appears to have been
aware of the significant alteration that occurred after 1975.
Because the National Register and California Register criteria are so similar, they are addressed
together to avoid redundancy.
Under Criteria A/1, this gas station is associated with the theme of early 20th century automotive
culture and the golden age of gas station construction (1920–1940). The whimsical style of the
building is representative of the transition from designs that blended in to those that stood out, a
trend that began in the late 1920s and fully developed in the 1930s. Alterations have compromised
the integrity to a degree that it is not eligible for listing in the National Register. However, it retains
enough character‐defining features, namely the distinctive roof, two‐story design, original pump
island, light standard/mast‐arm sign, and pole sign, to convey its association with the heyday of gas
station construction (1920–1940) and to be eligible for listing in the California Register at the local
level of significance.
Under Criteria B/2, the property does not appear to have been associated with any people who are
historically significant. The property is not eligible for listing in the National Register or California
Register under these criteria.
Under Criteria C/3, this tiny vernacular building is not the work of a master and does not possess high
artistic values or the distinctive characteristics of a particular architectural style. However, it does
embody the distinctive characteristics of a type and period. More specifically, despite alterations
(removal of gas pumps and part of the building), the whimsical character of the building coupled with
the original pump island, light standard/mast‐arm sign, and pole sign convey its historic use as a gas
station and its association with the 1920–1940 period. Although it does not retain sufficient integrity
for listing in the National Register, it does appear eligible for listing in the California Register at the
local level of significance as a distinctive example of a 1920s gas station, a resource type that is
increasingly rare in Orange County.
Under Criteria D/4, the property at 305 South Main Street is not an archaeological site and there is
no indication that is has the potential to yield information important in prehistory or history. The
property is not eligible for listing in the National Register or California Register under these criteria.
For these reasons, the former gas station building no longer appears eligible for listing in the National
Register under any criteria. However, it does appear eligible for listing in the California Register under
Criteria 1 and 3 at the local level for its association with early 20th century automotive culture and the
golden age of gas station construction (1920–1940) and as a distinctive example of a property type
and period (i.e., late 1920s gas station).
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 25
IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
As discussed in the previous section, the former gas station building has been evaluated as appearing
eligible for listing in the California Register at the local level under Criteria 1 and 3 for its association
with early automotive culture and its unique architectural design. Therefore, the former gas station
building is considered a historical resource under CEQA and the potential project impacts must be
analyzed.
CEQA establishes that “a project that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a
historical resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment” (PRC §21084.1).
“Substantial adverse change,” according to PRC §5020.1(q), “means demolition, destruction,
relocation, or alteration such that the significance of a historical resource would be impaired.”
CHARACTER‐DEFINING FEATURES
“Every old building is unique, with its own identity and its own distinctive character. Character refers
to all those visual aspects and physical features that comprise the appearance of every historic
building” and includes “the overall shape of the building, its materials, craftsmanship, decorative
details, interior spaces and features, as well as the various aspects of its site and environment” (Nelson
1988:1). It is important to identify character‐defining features of a historical resource because the
alteration or removal of these features could result in substantial adverse changes to the significance
of the resource. The property is significant as a late 1920s gas station. The features that convey this
are its whimsical design, the white plaster siding, the original pump island, light standard/mast‐arm
sign, and pole sign, as well as its corner location. Therefore, it is important to retain enough of the
character‐defining features listed below for the resource to continue to convey its historical
significance.
The entire two‐story building including:
o The steeply‐pitched roof with bent wood rafter support beams used to create exaggerated
curved eaves;
o The wooden knee braces;
o The four square eave supports and related cross beams;
o The wood and glass doors in the east and west elevations;
o The multi‐paned first‐floor windows
o The second‐floor windows and related trim/decorative elements including the shallow
depressions around the north and south windows;
o The attic vents in the north and south elevations;
o The small wooden door at the top of the east elevation; and
o The white plaster siding.
The light standard/mast‐arm sign and pole sign.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 26
•The original pump island on the west side of the building.
•The highly visible corner location.
As previously noted, the gas station, light standard/mast‐arm sign, and pole sign are proposed to be
relocated to 887 North Glassell Street. To the extent feasible, each of the character‐defining features
listed above should be preserved and/or replaced in kind.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
This project proposes to build a small retail center on the vacant lot at the southeast corner of East
Collins Avenue and Glassell Street (Appendix B). As part of this project, the small, historic‐period gas
station and related light standard/mast‐arm sign and pole sign at 305 South Main Street (southeast
corner of South Main Street and West Palmyra Avenue) are proposed to be moved to the
Collins/Glassell property. The gas station building will be rehabilitated and adapted to a new
commercial use. The pump island will not be relocated. Based on the proposed landscape plans for
the new location, it appears that the planters on either side of the building have been designed to
reference the pump islands.
Relocation Plan
The proposed relocation plan consists of three steps: 1. detachment, disassembly, and preparation
for transport; 2. delivery and reassembly; and 3. rehabilitation and final finish. Each step is described
in detail below.
Detachment/Disassembly/Preparation for Transport
It is proposed to remove the non‐contributing exterior plaster from the historic wood elements of the
building and place “strongbacks” as required on the drive‐through roof elements and the “box”
(building) prior to disassembly. All utilities will be disconnected and capped.
It is then proposed to detach each drive‐through roof at the ridge of the “box” in such a way to allow
reattachment with simple bolted connections and to detach each drive‐through roof at the post and
beam connection leaving the beam connected. The roof elements will then be placed on the ground
roof‐side up with the arch supported. The composition shingle roofing material will be removed and
a half‐inch structural exterior plywood structural diaphragm will be attached over the existing historic
1x T&G (tongue and groove) wood roof for eventual seismic support and added support during
transport. They will then be loaded onto a flatbed trailer for transport and delivery to the new site
with care not to damage the historic elements.
Next, the “box” mud‐sill attachments will be removed by removing the AB nuts or cutting the bolts
above the sill leaving the original sill in place. The box will be braced with strongbacks and loaded on
a flatbed trailer for transport and delivery to the new site with care not to damage the historic
elements.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 27
Delivery/Reassembly
The new site will be prepared to receive the historic building by pouring concrete footings and slab
with new ABs located to receive the “box” element and footings with possible grade beams poured
with attached steel moment frames containing stud bolts to receive the drive‐through roof elements.
The “box” element will be craned from the flatbed and put in position over the new foundation. Next,
ABs will be attached to the existing mud‐sill. The “box” will be plumbed and braced with brackets
added to receive the drive‐through roof elements. The drive‐through roof elements will then be
craned from the flatbed and attached to the “box” element. Care will be taken to minimize the
exposure of the attachments to the “box.” The low ends of the drive‐through roof elements will be
attached to the new steel brace frames with care to minimize the exposure of the attachments.
Rehabilitation/Final Finish
The building will be roofed with composition roof shingles, patched and the steel‐braced frames
trimmed in wood to replicate the original historic posts and beams. It will then have the interior
inspection openings closed with matching material and patched. The entire building will then be
prepared for paint, primed, and painted.
The final interior improvements will then be completed, electric and plumbing services connected,
and then the relocated/restored/rehabilitated building will be ready for occupancy.
Pole Signs
The light standard/mast‐arm sign and pole sign will also be relocated. To accomplish this, the steel
pipes will be cut at the ground and new base plates will be welded on so that they can be bolted to
new footings at the new site. The poles will then be restored and repainted.
PROJECT ANALYSIS
The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards (SOIS) for the Treatment of Historic Properties are typically
used to analyze potential project impacts to historical resources. The historical resource in this case
is the former gas station with the above‐listed character‐defining and contributing features. Projects
that meet the SOIS are considered to be mitigated to a level that is less than significant. The SOIS are
divided into four categories: preservation, restoration, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. Because the
former gas station is proposed to be relocated and rehabilitated, application of the Standards for
Rehabilitation is most appropriate.
Standards for Rehabilitation
1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal
change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment.
The property will not be used for its historic purpose (a gas station) and will not remain at its
historic site. It will be relocated to a similar environment (i.e., corner lot in a suburban area in the
same city) and minor changes will be made to reuse it as a commercial business. The building
currently has a north/south orientation with one pole sign in the right‐of‐way near the driveways
from West Palmyra Avenue and South Main Street. The proposed orientation is northwest/
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 28
southeast, which is diagonal to the intersection of Collins Avenue and Glassell Street. The two
pole signs will also be relocated and will be in the landscaped planters near the driveways from
each street. To minimize the potential impacts associated with these changes, the following
mitigation measures are recommended:
Prior to issuance of a permit to relocate the building or the related pole signs, documentation
of the existing condition shall be completed in a manner similar to the Historic American
Building Survey (HABS) standards. Documentation shall include digital photographs (site
overviews and detail shots of the building and signs in their current and proposed locations),
a written historic narrative similar to this report, and a scaled site plan. Copies of this
information shall be provided to the City, the History Center at the main branch of the local
library, and the Orange County Archives.
Prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy, the owner shall install a historical display in a
visually prominent location, such as the exterior of the building. The display must include a
map that clearly shows the building’s original location. It should detail the history of the
building, including photographs of the building at its original location and photographs or
video of the dismantling and relocation process. The design and proposed location of the
display shall be submitted to the appropriate City staff and/or reviewing body for review and
approval prior to installation. It is suggested that the owner consider designing the display in
a manner that incorporates or references a historic‐period gas pump or other gas station
feature.
A historic architect and/or qualified architectural historian shall review the final relocation/
reconstruction plans to ensure retention of the character‐defining features and integrity of
the building and pole signs.
A historic architect or qualified architectural historian is required to monitor the relocation
and reassembly of the former gas station building and pole signs.
2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic
materials or alteration of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided.
The architect has stated that the character‐defining features of the historic‐period building will
be retained and preserved and removal of historic materials will be avoided. This is also clearly
stated in notes on the project plans.
The plans indicate that the light standard/mast‐arm sign and pole sign will be relocated and
installed on private property on either side of the relocated building. Although this is similar to
their current configuration, the signs will not be within or adjacent to the public right‐of‐way as
they are now. Considering current code requirements, the proposed locations are likely the best
options and will adequately convey a sense of the original configuration and spatial relationships.
The original pump island on the west side of the building will not be relocated or reconstructed
at the new location. Instead, the landscape plan shows planters on either side of the historic‐
period building that reference the configuration of the existing pump islands. The original pump
island is an important character‐defining feature that strongly conveys the building’s historical
use as a gas station and the referential planter does not adequately convey this. One possibility
for enhancing the historic character of this area would be to remove all or some of the landscaping
and install features, such as historical displays, that mimic the vertical orientation of two gas
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 29
pumps, but whatever design changes are made should be subject to the approval of the City’s
historic preservation staff. To ensure compliance with this Standard the following mitigation
measure is recommended:
To the extent feasible considering current code requirements, the landscaped planter on the
southwest side of the historic‐period building shall be redesigned to more closely replicate
the original pump island. This may involve the removal of all or some of the landscaping and
installation of features, such as historical displays, that mimic the vertical orientation of two
gas pumps, subject to review and approval by City historic preservation staff prior to issuance
of a certificate of occupancy.
3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that
create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural
elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken.
No elements that create a false sense of historical development are proposed, however,
relocation of the building and related signs could create a false sense of place. Therefore, the
following mitigation measure (which is identical to the Standard 1 mitigation) is recommended.
Prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy, the owner shall install a historical display in a
visually prominent location, such as the exterior of the building. The display must include a map
that clearly shows the building’s original location. It should detail the history of the building,
including photographs of the building at its original location and photographs or video of the
dismantling and relocation process. The design and proposed location of the display shall be
submitted to the City’s historic preservation staff for review and approval prior to installation.
It is suggested that the owner consider designing the display in a manner that incorporates or
references a historic‐period gas pump or other gas station feature.
4. Most properties change over time; those changes that have acquired historic significance in their
own right shall be retained and preserved.
The current configuration of the building likely dates to 1980 when a permit was obtained to
repair damage to the building from a car that had hit it. Because this alteration is nearly 40 years
old and resulted in an almost perfectly symmetrical design, it has been mistaken as the original
design since as early as 1982 when the first of three previous evaluations concluded the building
was historically significant in part for its unique design. The same is also true of the white plaster
finish on the exterior walls, which may not be original but has been on the building for at least
four decades. Because of its location at a busy intersection, it is viewed by numerous people every
day who remember it because of its sweeping gable roof and white finish. For these reasons, the
current configuration and wall cladding have acquired significance in their own right and it is
acceptable to retain the current configuration as proposed. The project is in compliance with this
Standard.
5. Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that
characterize a property shall be preserved.
The architect has indicated that the distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques
that characterize the former gas station will be retained or repaired/replaced in‐kind. To ensure
compliance with this Standard, a note stating such is included on the plans.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 30
6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of
deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in
design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of
missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence.
To ensure compliance with this Standard, a note on the plans states, “Any deteriorated historic
features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires
replacement of a character‐defining feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color,
texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing
features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence.”
7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials
shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the
gentlest means possible.
No chemical or physical treatments such as sandblasting are specifically proposed, but the
modern exterior plaster will be removed. To ensure compliance with this Standard so that no
historic materials including those beneath the modern plaster are damaged, the following note is
included on the project plans, “Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate, shall be
undertaken using the gentlest means possible. Treatments that cause damage to historic
materials shall not be used.”
8. Significant archeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such
resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken.
There are no known significant archaeological resources within either property. The vacant
property at 887 North Glassell Street was formerly occupied by a service station, including several
underground fuel tanks. A geophysical survey was conducted by Subsurface Surveys & Associates,
Inc., as part of a Phase II Subsurface Environmental Investigation Report prepared by Black Rock
Geosciences (February 2013). Five separate borings ranging from 12 to 20 feet were drilled in the
locations of the former underground fuel tanks and dispenser islands. The purpose of the survey
and Phase II report was to affirm that the tanks and accompanying piping did not exist and that
the soils did not contain contaminants at unacceptable levels. No evidence of the tanks or
accompanying dispensing piping was revealed and all soil samples were below any threshold of
contamination. In order to remove the tanks, the majority of the site would have warranted
excavation to approximately 8 to 10 feet below ground surface. Although no archaeological
records were found regarding this excavation, it is safe to assume that this degree of disturbance
would have revealed cultural materials and/or destroyed any potential cultural materials.
Furthermore, a review of the Prehistoric and Historical Archaeological Sensitivity Maps in the
City’s General Plan reveals that the property is not in an area that was previously identified by the
City as potentially sensitive for archaeological resources. Therefore, no archaeological monitoring
is proposed for this part of the project area. However, because the 305 South Main Street
property has been developed with the former gas station and associated underground storage
tanks since the late 1920s, there is a likelihood of intact subsurface cultural resources at that
location. Therefore, potential for subsurface cultural deposits is moderately high in the area
surrounding the former gas station. To ensure compliance with this Standard the following
mitigation measure is recommended.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 31
Monitoring by a qualified archaeologist is required during removal/relocation of the gas
station building since the potential for subsurface cultural deposits is moderately high in the
area surrounding the building. No monitoring is recommended for the 887 North Glassell
Street site.
9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials
that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be
compatible with the massing, size, scale, and architectural features to protect the historic integrity
of the property and its environment.
No new additions to the former gas station building are proposed; however, alterations to the
building will occur in order to relocate it. More specifically, as detailed in the relocation plan, the
building will be disassembled and reassembled. Although this will be done in a manner that will
ensure to the maximum extent feasible the protection and preservation of historic materials, it is
likely that some materials, such as the exterior plaster, may be damaged as a result of the move.
In that case, those materials would be replaced in kind and would not create a false sense of
history.
The massing, size, and scale of the proposed new retail building and parking lot will be compatible
with the former gas station building which, throughout its history, has shared its existing location
with retail, residential, and storage buildings. Furthermore, the new construction will be
thoroughly modern in appearance and will not create a false sense of history. Similarly, the
modern landscaped setbacks and slight rotation of the orientation of the former gas station
building (from east‐west to southwest‐northeast) will provide subtle visual cues that this is not
the building’s original location/use. However, this will not compromise the building’s highly visible
location on a corner lot, which is one of the character‐defining features of its original location.
No new additions or exterior alterations to the former gas station are proposed and related new
construction (i.e., retail building and parking area) will be clearly modern and will not destroy any
historic materials. The proposed project is in compliance with this Standard.
10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner
that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its
environment would be unimpaired.
No new additions to the historic‐period building are proposed. Adjacent new construction, if
removed in the future, will not impair the essential form and integrity of the historic‐period
building or its environment. The proposed project is in compliance with this Standard.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 32
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the research and field surveys, the former gas station at 305 South Main Street appears
eligible for listing in the California Register under Criteria 1 and 3 at the local level for its association
with early 20th century automotive culture and the golden age of gas station construction (1920–1940)
and as a distinctive example of a property type and period (i.e., late 1920s gas station). Therefore, it
is a “historical resource” as defined by CEQA. In order to determine whether the proposed project will
result in any substantial adverse changes to the significance of the historical resource (the former gas
station), an impacts assessment was completed in compliance with the Secretary of the Interior’s
Standards (SOIS) for the Treatment of Historic Properties (Rehabilitation). As a result of that analysis,
mitigation measures are recommended to ensure compliance with the SOIS. Projects that meet the
SOIS are considered to be mitigated to a level that is less than significant. In addition to the mitigation
measures, standard conditions relative to buried cultural material are also recommended.
RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
1. Prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy, the owner shall install a historical display in a
visually prominent location, such as the exterior of the building. The display must include a map
that clearly shows the building’s original location. It should detail the history of the building,
including photographs of the building at its original location and photographs or video of the
dismantling and relocation process. The design and proposed location of the display shall be
submitted to the appropriate City staff and/or reviewing body for review and approval prior to
installation. It is suggested that the owner consider designing the display in a manner that
incorporates or references a historic‐period gas pump or other gas station feature.
2. To the extent feasible considering current code requirements, the landscaped planter on the
southwest side of the historic‐period building shall be redesigned to more closely replicate the
original pump island, subject to review and approval by City historic preservation staff prior to
issuance of a certificate of occupancy.
3. Monitoring by a qualified archaeologist is required during removal/relocation of the gas station
building since the potential for subsurface cultural deposits is moderately high in the area
surrounding the building. No monitoring is recommended for the 887 North Glassell Street site.
4. Prior to issuance of a permit to relocate the building or the related pole signs, documentation of
the existing condition shall be completed in a manner similar to the Historic American Building
Survey (HABS) standards. Documentation shall include digital photographs (site overviews and
detail shots of the building and signs in their current and proposed locations), a written historic
narrative similar to this report, and a scaled site plan. Copies of this information shall be provided
to the City, the History Center at the main branch of the local library, and the Orange County
Archives.
5. A historic architect and/or qualified architectural historian shall review the final relocation/
reconstruction plans to ensure retention of the character‐defining features and integrity of the
building and pole signs.
6. A historic architect or qualified architectural historian is required to monitor the relocation and
reassembly of the former gas station building and pole signs.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 33
STANDARD CONDITIONS
In the event that archaeological materials are encountered during construction, all construction work
should be halted and a qualified archaeologist consulted to determine the appropriate treatment of
the discovery (California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Chapter 3, Section 15064.5(f)).
In the event human remains are encountered, State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 states
that no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made a determination of origin
and disposition pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The County Coroner must be
notified of the find immediately. If the remains are determined to be Native American, the County
Coroner will notify the NAHC, which will determine and notify an MLD. With the permission of the
landowner or his/her authorized representative, the MLD may inspect the site of the discovery. The
MLD shall complete the inspection within 48 hours of notification by the NAHC. The MLD will have
the opportunity to offer recommendations for the disposition of the remains.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 34
REFERENCES
Ancestry.com
Var. A variety of records were accessed online in November 2017 and April and May 2018 at:
http://home.ancestry.com/. These include city directories, voter registration records, and
United States Census Data.
Bean, Lowell John, and Charles R. Smith
1978 Gabrielino. In California, edited by R.F. Heizer, pp.538–549. Handbook of North American
Indians, vol. 8, W.C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Bean, Lowell John, and Florence C. Shipek
1978 Luiseño. In California, edited by R.F. Heizer, pp. 550–563. Handbook of North American
Indians, vol. 8, W.C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Beck, Warren A., and Ynez D. Haase
1974 Historical Atlas of California. Oklahoma City: University of Oklahoma Press.
Blackburn, Thomas C.
1962–1963 Ethnohistoric Descriptions of Gabrielino Material Culture. Annual Reports of the
University of California Archaeological Survey 5: 1–50.
Brigandi, Phil
2011 City History – Old Towne. Originally accessed online via the Orange Public Library website
in 2011 at: http://www.cityoforange.org/localhistory/oldtowne/index.htm. Accessed
online in May 2018 in a slightly different format at: http://www.cityoforange.org/938/
Introduction.
2017 A Brief History of Orange, California – The Plaza City. Charleston, SC, The History Press.
California Geological Survey
2002 California Geomorphic Provinces. California Geologic Survey Note 36. California
Department of Conservation.
California Office of Historic Preservation
1999 California Register and National Register: A Comparison. Technical Assistance Series 6.
Office of Historic Preservation, Sacramento.
Cancellation [sic] of Lease
1934 Cancellation of Lease. Dated December 20, 1934 (page 457) and provided by the Orange
County Archives in November 2017.
City of Orange
Var. Building permits for 305 South Main Street. On file at the City of Orange, Building Division.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 35
Heizer, R.F. ed.
1968 The Indians of Los Angeles County. Hugo Reid’s Letters of 1852. Southwest Museum Papers
21. Los Angeles, California.
1978 Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8: California. W.C. Sturtevant, general editor,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
HistoricAerials.com
var. Aerial photographs of properties and vicinity, 1946, 1952, 1963, 1972, and 1980. Accessed
online in November 2017 at http://historicaerials.com.
Hudson, D. Travis
1971 Proto‐Gabrielino Patterns of Territorial Organization in Southern Coastal California. Pacific
Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 7(2):49–76.
Jakle, John A., and Keith A. Sculle
1994 Gas Stations in America. Edition, illustrated, reprint, revised. Publisher, JHU Press.
Johnston, Bernice E.
1962 California’s Gabrielino Indians. (Frederick Webb Hodge Anniversary Publication Fund 8) Los
Angeles: Southwest Museum.
Kroeber, Alfred L.
1976 Handbook of the Indians of California. Dover Publications, New York. Originally published
1925, Bulletin No. 78, Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
D.C.
Les, Kathleen
1982 Department of Parks and Recreation Historic Resources Inventory form for 305 South Main
Street, Orange, California. On file at the Orange County Archives.
Los Angeles Times
1975 He Pumps Memories as Well as Gas at Station. December 22, page 14.
1988a Gas War. July 31, page 100
1988b Station Owner Spurns Mobile’s [sic] Bid to Take Sign. August 2, page 71.
1988c Squeeze Play. July 31, page 98.
Magolies, John
1993 Pump and Circumstance, Glory Days of the Gas Station. Bulfinch Press, Little, Brown and
Company, Boston.
Moratto, Michael J.
2004 California Archaeology. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press. Originally published 1984.
Mortgage
1928 Document titled “Mortgage” (pages 186 and 187) provided by the Orange County Archives
in November 2017.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 36
Nelson, Lee H., FAIA
1988 Preservation Brief 17, Architectural Character‐Identifying the Visual Aspects of Historic
Buildings as an Aid to Preserving their Character. Technical Preservation Series, National
Park Service. Accessed online in January 2016 at: http://www.nps.gov/tps/how‐to‐
preserve/briefs/17‐architectural‐character.htm.
Norris, R.M., and R.W. Webb
1976 Geology of California, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Santa Barbara.
Orange County Archives
2017 Email correspondence in November 2017 that resulted in the Archives providing various
information including a 1947 aerial photograph of the property at 305 South Main Street.
Santa Ana Register
1927 Stanton. September 8, page 21.
1928 Hansen. May 25, page 22.
Schoenherr, Allan A.
1992 A Natural History of California. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.
Sharp, Robert P.
1976 Southern California (K/H Geology Field Guide Series). Kendall/Hunt Publishing, Dubuque.
The Tustin News
1977 Couple to be Honored on Fiftieth Anniversary. December 29, page 7.
United States Geological Survey Topographic Maps
1932 Orange, California 7.5‐minute quadrangle map.
1964 Orange, California 7.5‐minute quadrangle map, photorevised 1981.
Wallace, William J.
1955 A Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology. Southwestern Journal
of Anthropology 11(3):214–230.
1978 Post‐Pleistocene Archaeology. In California, edited by R. Heizer, pp. 550–563. Handbook of
North American Indians, Vol. 8. W.C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D.C.
Warren, Claude N.
1968 Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation on the Southern California Coast. Eastern New
Mexico University Contributions in Anthropology 1(3). Portales.
1984 The Desert Region. In California Archaeology, by M. Moratto with contributions by D.A.
Fredrickson, C. Raven, and C. N. Warren, pp. 339–430. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20) 37
Warren, Claude N., and Robert H. Crabtree
1986 Prehistory of the Southwestern Area. In W.L. D’Azevedo ed., Handbook of the North
American Indians, Vol. 11, Great Basin, pp. 183–193. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution.
Western Directory Company
1929 Orange County Directory. Compiled and published by Western Directory Company in
February 1929. Accessed online via the Fullerton Public Library website in April 2018 at:
https://docs.cityoffullerton.com/WebLink/1/edoc/639015/1929.pdf.
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20)
APPENDIX A
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION (DPR) 523 FORMS
DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information
State of California The Resources Agency Primary # 30-160057
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial
NRHP Status Code 3CS
Other Listings
Review Code Reviewer Date
Page 1 of 6 Resource Name or #: 305 South Main Street
P1. Other Identifier:
*P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: Orange and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a
Location Map as necessary.)
*b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Orange, CA Date: 2017 T 4S; R 9W; S.B.B.M.
c. Address: 305 South Main Street City: Orange Zip: 92868
d. UTM: Zone: 11; mE/ mN (G.P.S.)
e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate): APN 390-618-20; located on the
southeast corner of South Main Street and West Palmyra Avenue
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries)
This small two-story building is rectangular in plan and situated in the northwest corner of the property. The building’s most
distinctive feature is its high-pitched gable roof with extremely wide, curved eaves that extend to the former pump islands on the
west and east sides of the building. The extended eaves, which give the building a whimsical fairytale flavor, are supported by
plaster-covered horizontal beams atop two posts. On the north and south sides of the building, the narrow eaves are supported by
knee braces. The exterior walls are covered with modern plaster. The north and south elevations each have a small attic vent, a
second-story wood-framed window flanked by decorative shutters, and a ground floor multi-paned window. The second-story
windows are both set in a larger, square depression in the wall and the first-floor window on the north end has 12 panes while the
one in the south elevation has 11. The east and west elevations each have a wood and glass door flanked by six-paned (two over
three) windows. The doors have nine-paned (three over three) windows above a wood panel with an X pattern. The second story of
the west elevation has a window flanked by decorative shutters and the second story of the east elevation has a small wooden
door with an exterior handle at the south end near the top of the wall. A small ledge is right below the door. Through the windows, a
drop down staircase is visible. In addition to the former gas station building, there are small concrete pump islands on the west and
east sides of the building, a light standard/mast-arm sign adjacent to South Main Street, and a short pole sign adjacent to West
Palmyra Avenue.
*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP-6-1–3 story commercial building
*P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.)
P5b. Description of Photo: (View,
date, accession #) West and south
elevations, view to the northeast
(10/31/17)
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and
Sources: Historic
Prehistoric Both
Circa 1928 (Orange County
Archives)
*P7. Owner and Address:
Unknown
*P8. Recorded by: (Name,
affiliation, and address)
Casey Tibbet, M.A.
LSA Associates, Inc.
1500 Iowa Avenue, Suite 200
Riverside, California 92507
*P9. Date Recorded:
October 2017
*P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive-level CEQA compliance CEQA compliance
P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter "none.") Cultural Resources Assessment for Collins/Glassell
Northern Gateway Project, 887 North Glassell Street, City of Orange, Orange County, California, May 2018. Prepared by LSA
Associates, Inc.
*Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record
Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record
Artifact Record Photograph Record Other (List):
P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.)
See Continuation Sheet
DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information
State of California The Resources Agency Primary # 30-160057
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#
BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
Page 2 of 6 *NRHP Status Code 3CS
*Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 305 South Main Street
B1. Historic Name: Christiansen & Grow Service Station; Don Clark’s Service Station; Mobil
B2. Common Name:
B3. Original Use: gas station B4. Present Use: vacant
*B5. Architectural Style: Vernacular
*B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations)
No original building permits were found; however, according to Phil Brigandi, noted local historian, it was constructed around 1928
and was first operated by Fritz Christiansen and Carl Grow (Brigandi 2017). This is supported by a mortgage document dated June
26, 1928, which lists Marine Refining Corporation as mortgagee and service station proprietors F.J. and Edith Christiansen and
Carl E. and Clara Grow as the mortgagors (Mortgage 1928:186). The document further indicates that the mortgagors transferred all
rights to the property to Peter and Emilie K. Goddicksen who then leased it back to Carl Grow (Ibid.). The property as described in
the document included “a store room, dwelling and garage building” (Ibid.). Based on photographs from 1974 and 1975, the east
side of the building was originally enclosed. In 1980, a permit was issued to repair the office, which had been damaged when a car
ran into it (Ibid.; Los Angeles Times 1988a). It is possible that the pump island on the east side of the building was added at this
time. The following permits were found for the property.
1952 electrical permit issued to A.J. Dillon, to hang Mobilgas sign. Owner: General Petroleum Company
1960 permit to replace old sign; 24 sq ft; owner: General Petroleum Company
1975 permit for City to relocate two pole signs; owner Mobil Oil
1980 permit to repair wood from auto damage; owner Don Clark, Don Clark’s Mobil Station
1991 diagram of tanks; Delia Clark and Dean Clark
*B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location:
*B8. Related Features: concrete pump islands, a light standard/mast-arm sign, and a short pole sign
B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown
*B10. Significance: Theme: Early 20th Century Automotive Cultural Area: City of Orange
Period of Significance: circa 1928 Property Type: Commercial Applicable Criteria: NA
(Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.)
This circa 1928 vernacular gas station was previously evaluated in 1982 and 1991 and updated in 2010. All of these previous
evaluations found the building eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (National Register) under Criterion A for its
association with early 20th century automotive culture and Criterion C for its unique, highly intact architecture and design. However,
research conducted for the current report (May 2018) revealed that the east side of the building was originally enclosed. Because
of this alteration, the building does not retain sufficient integrity for listing in the National Register. However, it is eligible for listing in
the California Register of Historical Resources (California Register) under Criteria 1 and 3 at the local level for its association with
early 20th century automotive culture and the golden age of gas station construction (1920–1940) and as a distinctive example of a
property type and period (i.e., late 1920s gas station). Therefore, it is a “historical resource” as defined by CEQA.
Historic Context. Please refer to the related report (see P11 above) for a detailed historic context. In summary, the property is
developed with a circa 1928 building that was used as a gas station until at least 1990. The station dates to the golden age of gas
stations (1920–1940) when thousands were built across the country to meet the demands of the new motoring public. These
stations ranged from small sheds with one pump to elaborate, multi-pump stations designed in a wide range of architectural styles.
In the late 1920s and 1930s, competition was so great that gas station
design shifted from blending in to standing out. Throughout the historic
period, this gas station was most closely associated with Fritz
Christiansen and Carl Grow (1928–1934), Oscar Stoller (1935–1952),
and Don T. Clark (1952–1990). See Continuation Sheet
B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes)
*B12. References: See Continuation Sheet
B13. Remarks:
*B14. Evaluator: Casey Tibbet, M.A., LSA Associates, Inc., 1500 Iowa
Avenue, Suite 200, Riverside, CA 92507
*Date of Evaluation: May 2018
(Sketch Map with north arrow required.)
Refer to Location Map
(This space reserved for official comments.)
DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information
State of California - The Resources Agency
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
CONTINUATION SHEET
Primary # 30-160057
HRI #
Trinomial
Page 3 of 6 *Resource Name or #: (Assigned by recorder) 305 South Main Street
*Recorded by LSA Associates, Inc. *Date: May 2018 X Continuation Update
P5a. Photo or Drawing (continued from page 1)
305 South Main Street, view to the south (4/12/18)
305 South Main Street in 1975. Source: Los Angeles Times 1975.
Light standard/mast-arm sign on South Main
Street, view to the northwest (10/31/17).
Pole sign on West Palmyra Avenue, view to
the northeast (11/14/17).
*B10. Significance (continued from page 2)
People Associated with this Property. Please refer to the related report (see P11 above) for detailed information about the people
associated with this property.
Fritz Christiansen and Carl Grow (1928–1934). Fritz J. Christiansen was born around 1880 in Denmark and immigrated to the United
States in 1905 (Ancestry.com var.). In 1926, he was listed as a cabinet maker and was living with his (see Continuation Sheet)
DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information
State of California - The Resources Agency
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
CONTINUATION SHEET
Primary # 30-160057
HRI #
Trinomial
Page 4 of 6 *Resource Name or #: (Assigned by recorder) 305 South Main Street
*Recorded by LSA Associates, Inc. *Date: May 2018 X Continuation Update
*B10. Significance: (continued from page 3)
wife Edith M. in Portland, Oregon (Ibid.). Carl Emerson Grow was born in Illinois in 1899 (Ibid.). In 1929, Christiansen & Grow service
station is listed in the Orange County directory at 305 S. Main and Christiansen & Grow grocery is listed at 313 S. Main (Western
Directory Company 1929). At that time, the Christiansens were living at 1309 Palmyra Place and the Grows were living on site at 313 S.
Main Street (Ibid.). In December 1934, their lease was canceled and Christiansen and Grow appear to have had no further association
with the property (Cancellation [sic] of Lease 1934).
Oscar Stoller (1935–1952). Oscar was born in South Dakota in 1901 and came to California in 1925 (Ancestry.com var.; The Tustin
News 1977). In 1927, Oscar married Elsie K. Goddicksen, daughter of Peter and Emilie Goddicksen who originally leased the property
to Christiansen and Grow and then canceled the lease in 1934 (The Tustin News 1977). In 1930, Oscar was listed as a salesman at a
dairy and in 1932 he was listed as a mechanic (Ancestry.com var.). The Stollers, along with their son Marvin, lived at 313 S. Main
Street from at least 1939 to 1950 (Ibid.). For at least the first few years, the Stollers operated the gas station and the grocery, but in
1949 and 1950 the gas station was operated by Charles F. Akins who lived on Clark Street (Ibid.).
Don T. Clark (1952–1990). Donald Teegarden Clark was born in October 1912 and grew up in Orange on West Palmyra with a twin
brother (Duncan) and eight other siblings (Ancestry.com var.). His father was a citrus rancher and Don T. was a third generation
Orange County resident (Ibid.; Los Angeles Times 1988a). By age 12, Don was “servicing Model A’s and Model Ts” and later “owned
his own automotive electrical firm” (Los Angeles Times 1988a). By 1950, Don was listed as doing automotive repair at 315 West
Chapman Avenue in Orange and living at 334 South Orange Street with his wife Jean (nee Granite) (Ancestry.com var.). By 1952, Don
was the operator of the service station at 305 S. Main Street, but his residence remained at 334 South Orange Street (Ibid.). Don
operated the gas station until his death in 1990 (Ancestry.com var.).
Significance Evaluation. Because the property was previously evaluated under the National Register and California Register criteria, it
is evaluated under both criteria here as well even though the related project is a CEQA-level project. Because the National Register and
California Register criteria are so similar, they are addressed together to avoid redundancy. There are no local preservation ordinances
or criteria.
Under Criteria A/1, this gas station is associated with the theme of early 20th century automotive culture and the golden age of gas
station construction (1920–1940). The whimsical style of the building is representative of the transition from designs that blended in to
those that stood out, a trend that began in the late 1920s and fully developed in the 1930s. Alterations have compromised the integrity
to a degree that it is not eligible for listing in the National Register. However, it retains enough character-defining features, namely the
distinctive roof, two-story design, original pump island, light standard/mast-arm sign, and pole sign, to convey its association with the
heyday of gas station construction (1920–1940) and to be eligible for listing in the California Register at the local level of significance.
Under Criteria B/2, the property does not appear to have been associated with any people who are historically significant. The property
is not eligible for listing in the National Register or California Register under these criteria.
Under Criteria C/3, this tiny vernacular building is not the work of a master and does not possess high artistic values or the distinctive
characteristics of a particular architectural style. However, it does embody the distinctive characteristics of a type and period. More
specifically, despite alterations (removal of gas pumps and part of the building), the whimsical character of the building coupled with the
original pump island, light standard/mast-arm sign, and pole sign convey its historic use as a gas station and its association with the
1920–1940 period. Although it does not retain sufficient integrity for listing in the National Register, it does appear eligible for listing in
the California Register at the local level of significance as a distinctive example of a 1920s gas station, a resource type that is
increasingly rare in Orange County.
Under Criteria D/4, the property at 305 South Main Street is not an archaeological site and there is no indication that it has the
potential to yield information important in prehistory or history. The property is not eligible for listing in the National Register or California
Register under these criteria.
*B12. References: (continued from page 2)
Ancestry.com
Var. A variety of records were accessed online in November 2017 and April and May 2018 at: http://home.ancestry.com/. These
include city directories, voter registration records, and United States Census Data.
See Continuation Sheet
DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information
State of California - The Resources Agency
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
CONTINUATION SHEET
Primary #
HRI #
Trinomial
Page 5 of 6 *Resource Name or #: (Assigned by recorder) 305 South Main Street
*Recorded by LSA Associates, Inc. *Date: May 2018 X Continuation Update
*B12. References: (continued from page 4)
Brigandi, Phil
2017 A Brief History of Orange, California – The Plaza City. Charleston, SC, The History Press.
Cancellation [sic] of Lease
1934 Cancellation of Lease. Dated December 20, 1934 (page 457) and provided by the Orange County Archives in November 2017.
City of Orange
Var. Building permits for 305 South Main Street. On file at the City of Orange, Building Division.
Los Angeles Times
1975 He Pumps Memories as Well as Gas at Station. December 22, page 14.
1988a Gas War. July 31, page 100
Mortgage
1928 Document titled “Mortgage” (pages 186 and 187) provided by the Orange County Archives in November 2017.
The Tustin News
1977 Couple to be Honored on Fiftieth Anniversary. December 29, page 7.
Western Directory Company
1929 Orange County Directory. Compiled and published by Western Directory Company in February 1929. Accessed online via the
Fullerton Public Library website in April 2018 at: https://docs.cityoffullerton.com/WebLink/1/edoc/639015/1929.pdf.
ÄÆ22
ÄÆ22
§¨¦5
§¨¦5
ÄÆ57
MAIN STREETCHAPMAN AVENUE
LA VETA AVENUE
I:\LPR1701\Reports\Cultural\DPRlocation.mxd (5/11/2018)DPR 523J (1/95)*Required Information
Page 6 of 6
*Map Name: *Scale: 1:24000 *Date of Map: 1981; 2017
*Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 305 South Main Street
Primary #
HRI #
Trinomial
State of California - Resource AgencyDEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATIONLOCATION MAP
PALMYRA AVENUE
MAIN STREETAPN: 390-681-20305 South Main Street
USGS 7.5' Quad, Anaheim & Orange; Google Earth
C ULTURAL R ESOURCES A SSESSMENT
S EPTEMBER 2019, R EVISED F EBRUARY 2020
C OLLINS/GLASSELL N ORTH G ATEWAY P ROJECT
O RANGE, C ALIFORNIA
R:\LPR1701\Cultural\CRA‐Collins Glassell REV Feb 2020.docx (02/24/20)
APPENDIX B
PROPOSED PROJECT PLANS
1,872
ATTACHMENT NO. 8
DRC NO. 4933-17;
NORTHERN GATEWAY COMMERCIAL CENTER
DRAFT MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION NO. 1864-17
(DATED 08/2020)
(AVAILABLE ON CITY WEBSITE OR BY REQUEST)
Sept. 2, 2020 DRC Meeting