RES-ORA-0346 Statement of Investment Policy FY 1998-99RESOLUTION NO. ORA-
0346 A RESOLUTION OF THE
ORANGE REDEVELOPMENT AGENCY APPROVING
AND ADOPTING A STATEMENT OF
INVESTMENT POLICY AND DELEGATING INVESTMENT
OF ORANGE REDEVELOPMENT AGENCY
FUNDS TO THE TREASURER OF THE CITY
OF ORANGE AND REPEALING
RESOLUTION NO.
ORA-0335.WHEREAS, Government Code Section 53600 et ~. sets forth
detailed provisions regarding permitted and prohibited investments by public agencies, including
the Orange Redevelopment Agency, and accountability
therefor; and WHEREAS, the Orange Redevelopment Agency adopted Resolution
No. ORA-0335 adopting the Orange Redevelopment Agency's Statement
ofInvestment Policy; and WHEREAS, the Statement of Investment Policy requires that the
City Council annually review the City's Statement ofInvestment Policy and adopt a policy annually within
120 days of the fiscal year-end by a resolution and vote of the City Council at
a public meeting, and separately by the
Orange Redevelopment Agency; and WHEREAS, the Investment Oversight Committee has
prepared a Statement of Investment Policy for the
1998-99 fiscal year; and WHEREAS, the Agency has had the policy reviewed
by the Agency Counsel; and WHEREAS, the funds of the Orange Redevelopment Agency
are invested by the City Treasurer
in accordance with the policy;NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Board
of Directors of the
Orange Redevelopment
Agency as follows:SECTION I:That Resolution No. ORA-
0335 be
repealed in its entirety.SECTION II:That the Statement of Investment Policy attached hereto as
Attachment 1 is the City's Statement ofInvestment Policy for FY1998-99 and is
duly adopted in accordance with State
ADOPTED this 8th day of September.1998.
ent Agency
ATTEST:
a.
Clerk, Redevel
I he:reby certify that the foregoing Resolution was duly and regularly adopted by the Orange
Redevelopment Agency at a regular meeting thereof held on the 8th day of 5..e.pt
1998, by the following vote:
A YJES:DIRECTORS: MURPHY, SLATER, COONTZ, ALVAREZ
NOES:DIRECTORS: NONE
ABSENT:DIRECTORS: SPURGEON
ABSTAIN:DIRECTORS: NONE
i)
Ca~A~d--
Clerk, Orange evelopment Agency
F: SIP-98-99RESO-ORA -0346 2
CITY OF ORANGE AND
ORANGE REDEVELOPMENT AGENCY
STATEMENT OF INVESTMENT POLICY
Fiscal Year 1998-
99 1.
0 1.
1 INVESTMENT POLICY
OVERVIEW
POLICY It is the policy of the City of Orange (City) to invest public funds in a
manner which will provide foremost tor the safety of principal while meeting the
short and long term cash flow demands of the City and conforming to all
statutes governing the investment of City
funds.Annually, in accordance with California Government Code (CGC) Section
53646,the Treasurer will render to the City Council a Statement of Investment Policy
for consideration and approval at a public meeting. Any investment currently held
at that time that does not meet the guidelines of this policy, as changed from time
to time by the City Council, shall be exempt from the requirements of this
policy.However, at the investment's maturity or liquidation, such funds shall
be reinvested only as provided by this
policy.1.2
PURPOSE This Statement of Investment Policy (SIP) lS set forth by the City for
the following
purposes:a) To establish a clear understanding for the City Council,
Investment Committees, City management, responsible employees, citizens and
third parties, of the objectives, policies and guidelines for the investment of
the City's idle and surplus
funds.b) To offer guidance to investment staff, brokers and any external
investment advisors on the investment of City
funds.1.3 INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVES Within the overriding requirement of compliance with all Federal, State and
local laws governing the investment of moneys under the control of the Treasurer,
and as specified in the CGC Section 53600.5, when investing, reinvesting,
purchasing,acquiring, exchanging, selling and managing public funds, the primary
objectives,in priority order, of the investment activities shall
be:a) Safety: Safety of principal is the foremost objective of the
investment program. Investments of the City shall be undertaken in a manner that
seeks to ensure the preservation of capital in the overall
portfolio.
b) Liquidity: The investment portfolio will remain sufficiently liquid to enable
the City to meet all operating requirements which might be reasonably
anticipated.
c) Return on Investments: The investment portfolio shall be designed and
managed with the objective of attaining a market rate of return throughout
budgetary and economic cycles, taking into account the investment objectives,
authorized investments and the cash flow needs of the City. The Treasurer's
monthly reports shall include benchmark reporting to define "a market rate of
return": which shall be one of the indices published in a financial journal of
wide circulation that are most comparable to the Treasurer's portfolio. The
benchmark shall be used solely as a reference tool. The Treasurer shall not
add additional risk to the portfolio in order to attain or exceed the benchmark.
1.4 PRUDENCE
Investments shall be made with judgment and care, under circumstances then
prevailing, which persons of prudence, discretion and intelligence exercise in the
management of their own affairs; not for speculation, but for investment,
considering the probable safety of their capital as well as the probable income to
be derived. The standard of prudence to be used by investment officials shall be
the "prudent investor" standard (CGC Section 53600.3) and shall be applied in the
context of managing an overall portfolio. The Treasurer and other investment
employees, acting within the intent and scope of the SIP and other written
procedures, and exercising due diligence, shall be relieved of personal
responsibility for an individual security's credit risk or market price changes,
provided deviations from expectations are reported in the immediately following
Treasurer's Report and appropriate action is taken to control adverse
developments. When a deviation poses a significant risk to the City's financial
position, the City Council shall be notified immediately.
1.5 ETHICS
Elected officials, City officers and employees and any other individuals involved
in the investment operations are prohibited from personal business activity that
could conflict with the proper execution of the investment program, or which
could impair their ability to make impartial investment decisions, or which could
give the appearance thereof. Furthermore, these same individuals are prohibited
from undertaking personal investment transactions with any individual with
whom business is conducted on behalf of the City.
2.0 OPERATIONS AND PROCEDURES
2.1 SCOPE
a) This SIP applies to all financial assets of the City and the Orange
Redevelopment Agency (ORA). These funds are accounted for in the
Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) and include: General
2
Fund, Special Revenue Funds, Debt Service Funds, Capital Project Funds,
Enterprise Funds, Internal Service Funds and Agency Funds.
b) This SIP specifically exempts and does not apply to the following
financial assets and investment activities of the City and ORA:
1) The City's Deferred Compensation Plan is excluded because it is
managed by a third party administrator and invested by individual
plan participants.
2) Proceeds of City or ORA bonds or other debt issues in possession
of a tmstee or fiscal agent are not considered to be part of the
financial assets covered by this policy. These bond proceeds shall
be invested in accordance with the requirements and restrictions
outlined in the bond documents.
2.2 DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
a) The City Council's authority to manage the investment program is derived
from CGC Sections 53600, et seq.
b) In accordance with the City of Orange Municipal Code Chapter 2.26,
management responsibility for the investment program is hereby delegated to
the Treasurer, who shall establish written procedures for the operation of the
investment program consistent with this SIP. Under the provision of CGC
Section 53600.3, the Treasurer is a trustee and a fiduciary subject to the
pmdent investor standard.
c) The Treasurer may delegate all, or a portion of, hislher investment authority to
a Deputy City Treasurer. Prior to the delegation of the investment authority to
a Deputy City Treasurer, the City Treasurer shall notify the City Council and
request confirmation of the delegation. Delegation of investment authority
will not remove or abridge the Treasurer's investment responsibility.
d) The City Council may engage the services of one or more external investment
managers to assist in the management of the City's investment portfolio in a
manner consistent with the City's objectives and in accordance with this SIP.
Such external managers may provide advice and effectuate trades upon
specific authorization for each transaction. Such managers must be registered
under the Investment Advisors Act of 1940 and must have not less than five
years' experience investing in the securities and obligations authorized by the
CGC Section 53601, and with assets under management in excess of five
hundred million dollars ($500,000,000). The Treasurer shall review Form
ADV of any investment advisor prior to engagement by the City Council.
This Section does not preclude the Treasurer from retaining portfolio
consultants within existing authority.
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2.3 INVESTMENT OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE
a) The Orange Municipal Code Chapter 2.50 et seq. of Title 2 establishing an
Investment Oversight Committee (IOC) is hereby made part of this SIP. The IOC
consists of the Treasurer, the City Manager or designee, and the Director of
Finance. The Treasurer shall act as Chair of the committee, with the City
Manager as Vice Chair. The IOC shall act by majority vote.
b)
The IOC shall, at least annually and more often if directed by the City Councilor agreed
by a majority of the IOC, review the City Council's adopted SIP and report
to the City Council its recommendations for any changes, additions or deletions
to the SIP.c)
The IOC shall monitor the implementation of the City Council's adopted SIP and annually
submit a compliance report to the City Council.d)
The IOC shall review reports to the City Council from the Investment Advisory Committee
and prepare responses as required.e)
The IOC shall meet and report quarterly to the City Council summarizing the IOC meetings
and the recommendations of the Investment Advisory Committee. Such report
shall contain an unedited copy of the Investment Advisory Committee's recommendations.
2.
4AUTHORIZED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND DEALERS a)
Institutions eligible to transact investment business with the City shall include
only the following:1)
Primary government dealers as designated by the Federal Reserve Bank;
2)
Nationally or state-chartered banks;
3) The Federal Reserve Bank; and
4) Direct issuers of securities eligible for purchase by the City.
b) Selection of financial institutions and broker/dealers authorized to engage
in transactions with the City shall be at the sole discretion of the City
Treasurer. The Treasurer will maintain a list of financial institutions
authorized to provide investment services to the City.
c) The City Treasurer shall obtain information from qualified financial
institutions to determine if the institution makes markets in securities
appropriate for the City's needs, can assign qualified sales representatives
and can provide written agreements to abide by the conditions set forth in
the City of Orange SIP. Investment accounts with all financial institutions
shall be standard non-discretionary accounts and may not be
margin
accounts.
d) All financial institutions which desire to become qualified bidders for
investment transactions must supply the Treasurer with the following:
1) Audited financial statements for the institution's three most recent
fiscal years;
2) At least three references from California local agencies whose
portfolio size, investment objectives and risk preferences are
similar to the City's~
3) A statement certifying that the institution has reviewed the cac
Section 53600 et seq. and the City's SIP, and that all securities
offered to the City shall comply fully and in every instance with all
provisions of the Code and with this SIP; and,
4) Completed Broker/Dealer Questionnaire.
e) An annual review of the financial condition of qualified institutions shall
be conducted by the Treasurer.
f) Public deposits shall be made only in qualified public depositories within
the State of California as established by State law. Deposits shall be
insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), or, to the
extent the amount exceeds the insured maximum, shall be collateralized
with securities in accordance with State law.
2.5 COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS
cac Sections 53652 and 53667 require depositories to post certain types and
levels of collateral for public funds on deposit above the FDIC insurance amounts.
The collateral requirements apply to bank deposits, both active (checking and
savings accounts) and inactive (non-negotiable time certificates of
deposit).2.6 SAFEKEEPING AND
DELIVERY a) To protect against fraud, embezzlement, or losses caused by collapse
of individual securities dealers, all securities owned by the City shall be held
in safekeeping by the City's custodial bank, a third party bank
trust department, acting as agent for the City under the terms of a
custody agreement, and shall be evidenced by safekeeping
receipts.b) All security transactions entered into by the City shall be conducted on
a standard delivery-versus-payment (DVP) basis, which
ensures that securities are deposited with the third party custodian prior to the release
of funds. All securities purchased or acquired shall be delivered to the City
by book entry,physical delivery or by third party custodial agreement as
required by cac Section 53601. Investments in the State Pool or money
market mutual funds are undeliverable, and are not subject to delivery or
third
party
c) On a daily basis, investment trades shall be verified against the bank
transactions and broker confirmation tickets to ensure accuracy. On a
monthly basis, the custodial asset statement is reconciled with the month
end portfolio holdings. On an annual basis, the external auditor confirms
investment holdings.
3.0 PERMITTED INVESTMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT
3.1 INVESTMENTS AUTHORIZED
The City, as empowered by CGC Sections 53601 et seq. and 16429.1, hereby
authorizes the City Treasurer to select investments from among the following:
a) United States Treasury notes, bonds, bills or certificates of indebtedness,
or those for which the faith and credit of the United States are pledged for
the payment of principal and interest. (Limits: Maximum maturity at
purchase 5 years; no other limits.)
b) Obligations issued by banks for cooperatives, federal land banks, federal
intermediate credit banks, federal home loan banks, the Federal Home
Loan Bank, the Tennessee Valley Authority, or in obligations,
participations, or other instruments of, or issued by, or fully guaranteed as
to principal and interest by, the Federal National Mortgage Association, or
other instruments of, or issued by, a federal agency or a United States
government-sponsored enterprise. [n every case, any issue
purchased must be fully guaranteed as to principal and interest by the full faith
and credit of the United States, or the issuing federal agency. (
Limits:Maximum maturity at purchase 5 years; maximum
concentration 35 million of portfolio; and excluding completely Government
National Mortgage Association bonds; i.e., GNMA'
s.)c) Shares of beneficial interest issued by diversified management
companies that are Money Market Mutual Funds, registered with the Securities
and Exchange Commission under the Investment Company Act of
1940 investing in the securities and obligations authorized by CGC
Sections 53601(b) and (e) only (i.e., U.S. Government issues only). Such
Funds must carry the highest rating of at le:ast two of the three largest
national rating agencies. Such funds must have retained an investment
adviser registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission with not
less than five year's experience managing money market mutual funds
with assets under management in excess of five hundred million
dollars 500,000,000). (Limits: maximum 90 days Weighted Average
Maturity;maximum concentration $15 million, or 20%, of portfolio, whichever
is
less.)
d) State of California Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) is permitted, with
the knowledge that the fund may invest in some vehicles allowed by statute
but not otherwise authorized by the City Council in this SIP (See Exhibit 1).
The Treasurer shall obtain from the State Treasurer, no less than quarterly,
reports providing sufficient detail to adequately judge the risk inherent in the
LAIF portfolio, and shall inform the City Council immediately of any risks
noted that may warrant reconsideration of this investment vehicle. (Limits:
Maximum concentration $20 million combined limit for all accounts.)
e) Funds held under the terms of a Trust Indenture or other contract or debt
issuance agreement may be invested according to the provisions of those
indentures or agreements.
3.2 PROHIBITED INVESTMENT VEHICLES AND PRACTICES
The City Treasurer is prohibited from the following:
a) Borrowing for investment purposes ("Leverage") is prohibited.
b) Buying or selling securities "on Margin" is prohibited.
c) Investing in any instrument which is commonly known as a "derivative"
instrument (options, futures, swaps, caps, floors, collars, U.S. Treasury
zero coupon bonds, U.S. Treasury strips, interest only bonds, interest-
only strips derived from mortgage pools), or any investment that may result in
a zero interest accrual, even ifheld to maturity, is
prohibited.d) Under the provisions ofCGC Sections 53601.6 and 53631.5, the City
shall not invest any funds covered by this SIP in instruments known
as Structured Notes (e.g. inverse floaters, leverage floaters, structured CD'
s,range notes, equity-linked securities). Any such
investments
are prohibited.e) Trading securities for the sole purpose of speculating on
the future direction of interest rates
is prohibited.f) State law notwithstanding, any investments not
specifically described herein under Subsections 3.1 a) through 3.1 e)
are
3.3 MITIGATING RISK IN THE PORTFOLIO
a) Credit Risk:
1) The City will diversify its investments in accordance with the
limits set forth in Subsection 3.1 of this SIP to diminish the credit
risk resulting from concentrations.
2) The City, on occasion, may sell a security prior to its maturity
recording a gain or loss) in order to improve the risk structure,
liquidity and yield of the portfolio in response to market
conditions.
3) If securities owned by the City are downgraded by either Moody's
or S&P to a level below the quality required by this SIP, it shall be
the City's policy to review immediately the credit situation and
make a determination as to whether to sell or retain such securities
in the portfolio.
i) If a security is downgraded two grades below the level
required by the City,. the security shall then be sold
immediately.
ii) If a security is downgraded one grade below the level
required by this policy, the Treasurer will use discretion in
determining whether to sell or hold the security based on its
current maturity, the loss in value, the economic outlook for
the issuer, and other relevant factors.
iii) If a decision is made to retain a downgraded security in the
portfolio, its presence in the portfolio will be monitored and
reported monthly to the IOC and the City Council.
b) Market Risk: While the City recognizes that longer term portfolios
achieve higher returns, longer term portfolios have higher volatility of
total return. The City will limit market risk by limiting the concentrations,
volume and duration of its longer term investments, as well as limiting
them to funds which are not needed for current year cash flow purposes.
1) Maturities selected shall provide for stability of income and
liquidity, and shall not exceed 5 years from the date of purchase.
No more than 50% of the portfolio shall exceed 2.5 years to
maturity.) The City shall structure its investment portfolio as a
maturity ladder. Funds not required for purposes of meeting cash
flow needs shall be invested in permitted securities so that selected
percentages of the portfolio mature each year to a maximum of five
years.
8
2) Portfolio maturities shall be managed to avoid undue concentration
in any specific maturity sector.
3) The City shall invest only in fixed rate, fixed coupon securities.
4) The City may, on occasion, sell a security prior to its maturity
recording a gain or loss) in order to diminish the porttolio's
exposure to market risk.
4.0 REPORTING, REVIEW AND AUDITS
4.ll MONTHLY REPORTS
a) [n accordance with CGC Section 53646, the Treasurer shall submit a
monthly investment report to the City Council, and it shall be due within
30 days of the end of each month. This report shall include a complete
description of the portfolio, the type of investments, the issuers, maturity
dates, par and dollar amounts invested on all securities, the current market
values of each component of the portfolio, the source of the portfolio
valuation, investments and moneys held by the City, and shall additionally
include a description of any of the City's funds, investments, or programs,
that are under the management of contracted parties, including lending
programs.
b) The report shall also include performance measures as recommended by
the Association for Investment Management and Research (AIMR). These
shall include a presentation of Total Return using accrual accounting, and
a Time-weighted Rate of Return using a monthly valuation and one of
the AIMR approved methods of calculation. The report shall also include
a presentation of Yield to
Maturity.c) The report shall also include the performance of the benchmark
described in Subsection 1.3 c) of this SIP as a basis of comparison for the City'
s
portfolio.d) The report shall also include the following
certifications:1) All investment actions executed since the last report have
been made in full compliance with the
SIP.2) The City of Orange will meet its expenditure obligations for
the next six months is required by CGC Sections 53656(b)(2) and (
3)
respectively.4.:Z INTERNAL
CONTROLS The Treasurer is responsible for establishing and maintaining an internal
control structure designed to ensure that the assets of the City are protected from
loss,theft or misuse. The internal control structure shall be designed to
provide reasonable assurance that these objectives are met. Internal controls shall be
in
writing and shall address the following points: separation of transaction authority
from accounting and record keeping, safekeeping of assets and written
confirmation of telephone transactions for investments and wire transfers.
4.3 ANNUAL AUDIT
The Treasurer shall insure that the City's annual process of independent review by
an external auditor will include an appropriate investment review to assure
compliance with this policy and acceptable internal controls. The audit shall be
presented to the City Council upon its completion.
4.4 SPECIAL AUDITS
The City Council may at any time order an audit of the investment portfolio
and/or the Treasurer's investment practices.
5.0 INVESTMENT POLICY ADOPTION
The SIP shall be reviewed annually by the City Council and the ORA Board for
consistency with the City's and ORA's overall investment objectives regarding
preservation of principal, liquidity, retum, relevance to current law as well as to
current financial and economic trends. Any modifications necessary must be
approved separately by the City Council and the ORA Board. The SIP shall then
be adopted in its entirety, as amended, within 120 days of the fiscal year end by
resolution and vote of the City Council at a public meeting, and separately by the
ORA Board regarding ORA assets.
10
GLOSSARY
AGENCIES: Federal agency securities
ASKl~D: The price at which securities are offered.
BANKERS' ACCEPTANCE (BA): A draft or bill or exchange accepted by a bank: or
trust company. The accepting institution guarantees payment of the bill, as well as the
Issuer.
BENCHMARK: A segment of the securities market with characteristics similar to the
subject portfolio. It is used to compare portfolio performance to the performance of the
appropriate segment of the market. (e.g. I-Year T-
Bill rate)BID: The price offered by a buyer of securities.. (When you are selling
securities, you ask for a bid.)
See Offer.BROKER: A broker brings buyers and sellers together for
a commission.CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT (CD): A time deposit with a
specific maturity evidenced by a certificate. Large-denomination CD's
are typically negotiable.COLLATERAL: Securities, evidence of deposit or other property
which a borrower pledges to secure repayment of a loan. Also refers to securities pledged by
a bank to secure deposits
of public moneys.COMMERCIAL PAPER: Short-term, negotiable
unsecured
promIssory notes of corporations.COMPREHENSIVE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT (
CAFR): The official annual report for the City of Qrange. It includes five combined
statements for each individual fund and account group prepared in conformity with GAAP.
It also includes supporting schedules necessary to demonstrate compliance with
finance-related legal and contractual provisions, extensive introductory material,
and a detailed Statistical Section.COUPON: (a) The annual rate of interest that a bond's
issuer promises to pay the bondholder on the bond's face value. (b) A certificate attached
to a bond evid~:ncing interest
due on a payment date.DEA1,ER: A dealer, as opposed to a broker, acts as
a principal in all transactions,buying and
selling for his own account.DEBENTURE: A bond secured only by the
general
DELIVERY VERSUS PAYMENT: There are two methods of delivery of securities:
delivery versus payment and delivery versus receipt. Delivery versus payment is delivery
of slecurities with an exchange of money for the securities. Delivery versus receipt is
delivery of securities with an exchange of a signed receipt for the securities.
DISCOUNT: The difference between the cost price of a security and its maturity when
quoted at lower than face value. A security selling below original offering pric~: shortly
after sale also is considered to be at a discount.
DISCOUNT SECURITIES: Non-interest bearing money market instruments that
are issued a discount and redeemed at maturity for full face value; e.g., US Treasury
Bills.DIVERSIFICATION: Dividing investment funds among a variety of securities
offering independent
returns.FEDERAL CREDIT AGENCIES: Agencies of the Federal government set up
to supply credit to various classes of institutions and individuals; e.g., S&L's,
small business firms, students, farmers, farm cooperatives, and
exporters.FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION (FDIC): A Federal
agency that insures bank deposits, currently up to $100,000 per
deposit.FEDERAL FUNDS RATE: The rate of interest at which Federal funds are traded.
This rate 1.s currently pegged by the Federal Reserve through open-
market operations.FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS (FHLB): The institutions that regulate and
lend to savings and loan associations. The Federal Home Loan banks playa role
analogous to that played by the Federal Reserve Banks vis-a-
vis member commercial banks.FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE
ASSOCIATION (FNMA): FNMA, like GNlvlA, was chartered under the Federal National Mortgage
Association Act in 1938.FNrvlA is a federal corporation working under the auspices of
the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). It is the largest single
provider of residential mortgage funds in the United States. Fannie Mae, as the corporation is
called, is a private stockholder-owned corporation. The corporations'
purchases include a variety of adjustable mortgages and second loans. In addition
to fixed-rate mortgages. FNMA's securities are also highly liquid and are
widely accepted. FNMA assumes and guarantees that all security holders will receive
timely payment of principal and interest.FEDERAL OPEN MARKET
COMMITTEE (FOMC): Consists of seven members of the Federal Reserve Board and five of
the twelve Federal Reserve Bank Presidents.The President of the New York Federal Reserve Bank
is a permanent member, while the other Presidents serve on a rotating basis.
The committee periodically meets to set Federal Reserve guidelines regarding purchases and
sales of Government Securities in the open market as a means of influencing the
volume
FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM: The central bank of the United States created by
Congress and consisting of a seven member Board of Governors in Washington, DC, 12
regional banks and about 5,700 commercial banks that are members of the system.
GOVERNMENT NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION (GNMA or Ginnie
Mae): Securities influencing the volume of bank credit guaranteed by GNMA and issued
by mortgage banks, commercial banks, savings and loan associations, and other
institutions. Security holder is protected by full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
Ginnie Mae securities are backed by the FHA, VA or FMHM mortgages. The term
passthroughs" is often used to describe Ginnie Maes.
LIQUIDITY: A liquid asset is one that can be converted easily and rapidly into cash
without a substantial loss of value. In the money market, a security is said to be liquid if
the spread between bid and asked prices is nan-ow and reasonable size can be done
at those
quotes.LOCAL AGENCY INVESTMENT FUND (LAIF): A pooled investment vehicle
for local agencies in California sponsored by the State of California and administered by
the State
Treasurer.MARKET CYCLE: A market cycle is defined as a period of time which includes
a minimum of two consecutive quarters of falling interest rates followed by a minimum
of two consecutive quarters of rising interest
rates.MARKET VALUE: The price at which a security is traded and could presumably
be purchased or
sold.MATURITY: The date upon which the principal or states value of an
investment becomes due and
payable.MONEY MARKET: The market in which short-term debt
instruments (bills,commercial paper, bankers' acceptances, etc.) are: issued
and traded.NEGOTIABLE CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT: A large denomination
certificate of deposit which can be sold in the open market prior
to maturity.OFFI~R: The price asked by a seller of securities. (When you are buying
securities, you ask for an offer.) See Asked
and Bid.PORTFOLIO: Collection of securities held by
aninvestor.PRIl\'(ARY DEALER: group of government securities dealers who submit
daily reports of market activity and positions and monthly financia~ statements to the
Federal Reserve Bank of New York and are subject to its informal oversight. Primary
dealers
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)-registered securities broker-dealers,
banks,and a few unregulated
firms.PRUDENT INVESTOR STANDARD: Governing bodies of local agencies or
persons authorized to make investment decisions on behalf of those local agencies
investing public funds pursuant to CGC Section 53600 et seq. are trustees and therefore
fiduciaries subject to the prudent investor standard. When investing, reinvesting,
purchasing,acquiring, exchanging, selling, and managing public funds, a trustee shall act with
care,skill, prudence, and diligence under the circumstances then prevailing, that a
prudent person acting in a like capacity and familiarity with those matters would use in
the conduct of funds of a like character and with like aims, to safeguard the principal
and maintain the liquidity needs of the agency. Within the limitations of the CGC
Section 53600 et seq. and considering individual investments as part to an overall strategy,
a trustee is authorized to acquire investments as authorized by
law.QUALIFIED PUBLIC DEPOSITORIES: A financial institution which does not
claim exemption from the payment of any sale or compensating use or ad valorem taxes
under the laws of this state, which has aggregated for the benefit of the commission
eligible collateral having a value of not less than its maximum liability and which has
been approved by the Public Deposit Protection Commission to hold public
deposits.SAFEKEEPING: A service to customers rendered by banks for a fee whereby
securities and valuables of all types and descriptions are held in the bank's vaults for
protection.SECONDARY MARKET; A market made for the purchase and sale of
outstanding issues following the initial
distribution.SECURITIES & EXCHANGE COMMISSION: Agency created by Congress
to protect investors in securities transactions by administering securities
legislation.TIME CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT: A non-negotiable certificate of
deposit which cannot be sold prior
to maturity.TOTAL RATE OF RETURN: Represents growth (or decline) in the value
of a portfi)lio, including both capital appreciation and income, as a proportion of
the starting
market value.TIME-WEIGHTED RATE OF RETURN: A modified measurement of
Total rate of Retum which eliminates the effect of the timing of funds flows to and/or
from a
security or portfolio.TREASURY BILLS: A non-interest bearing discount security issued
by the U.S.Treasury to finance the national debt. Most bills are issued to mature
in three months, six
months,
TREASURY BOND: Long-term U.S. Treasury securities having initial maturities
of more than 10
years.TREASURY NOTES: A non-interest bearing discount security issued by
the US Treasury to finance the national debt. Most bills are issued to mature in one,
two, three,fi ve or
ten years.YIELD: The rate of annual income return on an investment, expressed as
a percentage.YIELD TO MATURITY is the calculated rate of return based upon the present
value of the cash flow from each interest payment, plus the present value of the cash flow
from the investment's redemption value at maturity vs. the
purchase