RES-11069 Building Security GuidelinesRESOLUTION NO. 11069
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF
THE CITY OF ORANGE ESTABLISHING
BUILDING SECURITY GUIDELINES OUTLINING
CRIME PREVENTION CONSIDERATIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF
NEW DEVELOPMENT.
WHEREAS, the objectives of the Safety Element of the City of Orange General Plan
include improving community safety and reducing opportunities for criminal activity; and
WHEREAS, the City of Orange General Plan Implementation Program supports public
education activities to promote the application of Crime Prevention through Environmental
Design (CPTED) to new development projects; and
WHEREAS, Building Security Guidelines provide modern -day crime prevention
strategies related to the physical design of development sites; and
WHEREAS, Building Security Guidelines are needed to clearly present the City's
expectations for such development and provide the development community with early guidance
and recommendations; and
WHEREAS, Building Security Guidelines are not intended to function as a constraint to
new development in the City, but rather to support the development of safe physical
environments; and
WHEREAS, the Building Security Guidelines will be maintained and amended as
needed by the Police Department.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Orange
that the Building Security Guidelines, which are attached hereto and incorporated herein as
Exhibit A, are adopted.
THE FOREGOING RESOLUTION is approved and adopted by the City Council of
the City of Orange this 13th day of March 2018.
C!/ 4-OL e
Tere E. Smith, Mayor, City of Orange
ATTEST:
Mary E. , City Clerk, City of r e
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
COUNTY OF ORANGE
CITY OF ORANGE
I, MARY E. MURPHY, City Clerk of the City of Orange, California, do hereby certify
that the foregoing Resolution was duly and regularly adopted by the City Council of the City of
Orange at a regular meeting thereof held on the 13th day of March 2018, by the following vote:
AYES:COUNCILMEMBERS:
NOES:COUNCILMEMBERS:
ABSENT:COUNCILMEMBERS:
Alvarez, Whitaker, Smith, Murphy, Nichols
None
None
ABSTAIN: COUNCILMEMBERS: None
Mary rp , City Clerk, Cit o range
Resolution No. 11069 2
BUILDING SECURITY GUIDELINES
A Companion to the City of Orange Building Security Standards
OMC Chapter 15.52 (Ord. #7 -79)
1 I Page
Table of Contents
Purpose of the Building Security Guidelines
Why Crime Prevention?
Steps for a Successful Project Using the Security Guidelines
Plan Check Review
Guidance for All Development Types
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design
Guidelines for Addressing
Single Family Residential
Multi - Family Residential
Nonresidential Sites
Guidelines for Construction Sites
Security Plans
Guidelines for Vacant Properties
Guidelines for Parking Facilities
Guidelines for Parks, Trails and Open Space
Appendix A - Glossary
21Page
PURPOSE OF THE BUILDING SECURITY GUIDELINES
The City of Orange General Plan's Vision for the Future includes achieving a high
quality of life for all residents by providing residential, commercial, industrial, and public
uses that exist in harmony with the surrounding urban and natural environments.
Personal safety and the perception of a safe environment play an important part in the
enjoyment of community life. The General Plan's Public Safety Element explains how
the Vision of the City can be accomplished through goals, policies and actions that
focus on improving community safety and reducing opportunities for criminal activity.
The City's Municipal Code establishes specific requirements which implement these
goals and policies. These Security Guidelines are intended to serve as a companion of
the General Plan and Municipal Code, providing information about best practices, and
safety considerations that have proven to benefit the safety of new development and the
community as a whole.
The Police Department works to educate developers and the public about crime
prevention methods such as defensible space planning and Crime Prevention through
Environmental Design (CPTED). These crime - preventative characteristics and design
features are integrated into all phases of the planning and development process guided
by the philosophy that it is best to start by designing new development in a thoughtful
manner. Therefore, these Security Guidelines have been created in order to offer
guidance and recommendations for new development in encouraging projects to
provide safe and functional design while reducing the opportunity of crime and enabling
emergency responders to easily and efficiently locate a property should their services
be needed. Property owners, developers, architects and contractors proposing new
development should first review the Security Building Standards, as these Security
Guidelines are meant to supplement the requirements of the Orange Municipal Code
OMC).
WHY CRIME PREVENTION?
The Orange Police Department Crime Prevention Bureau works with the community to
promote safety by increasing awareness of personal and property crime risks. Crime
prevention also involves educating the public about personal safety, business and
neighborhood watch programs, and residential and business security.
STEPS FOR A SUCCESSFUL PROJECT USING THE SECURITY GUIDELINES
1. Become familiar with the City of Orange Building Security Standards Orange
Municipal Code Ch. 15.52 and these Security Guidelines.
2. Review the property's context and site features.
3. Consult with Police Crime Prevention staff.
4. Engage a professional design team (architect, landscape architect, lighting
consultant).
5. Prepare and submit a complete Land Use application for review.
6. Be responsive and collaborative following review of City feedback.
7. Attend meetings with City staff pertaining to the project.
31Page
PLAN CHECK REVIEW
Some of the Security Guidelines contained in this document could be included as
conditions for a future development. The conditions will usually be associated with
CPTED design features that are not cited in the Building Security Standards, but may
be necessary to prevent future crime and disorder based on specific project
characteristics. For additional information on the Building Security Standards or
Security Guidelines, contact the Orange Police Department Crime Prevention Unit at
714) 744 -7327.
GUIDANCE FOR ALL DEVELOPMENT TYPES
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)
Orange values environmental design as a tool to help prevent crime. The concepts of
CPTED offer non - invasive and permanent measures to prevent crime in the City. To
ensure high levels of public safety, security and design measures that employ
Defensible Space concepts should be incorporated in development and construction
plans. These concepts involve consideration of elements such as placement and
orientation of structures, access and visibility of common areas and placement of doors,
windows, addressing and landscaping. CPTED promotes public safety, physical
security and allows residents the ability to monitor activity in neighboring areas in an
attractive and livable environment.
GENERAL CPTED CONCEPTS
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design ( "CPTED ") is the proper design
and effective use of the built environment in order to lead to a reduction in the
fear and incidence of crime, and an improvement in the quality of life.
CPTED involves the design of a physical space so that it enhances the needs of
people and communities; the users of the space. This emphasis on design and
use deviates from the traditional "target hardening" approach to crime prevention.
For CPTED to be successful, it must be understandable and practical for the
users of the space. The normal users know more about what is going on in the
environment and they have a vested interest (their own well- being) in ensuring
that their immediate environment operates properly. The "Three -D" approach to
space assessment provides a simple guide for the normal users in determining
the appropriateness of how their space is designed and used. The Three -D
concept is based on the three functions or dimensions of human space:
All human space has some designated purpose.
All human space has social, cultural, legal or physical definitions that
prescribe the desired and acceptable behaviors.
All human space is designed to support and encourage the desired
behaviors.
41Page
CPTED is supported by the following five overlapping principles that are applied
to specific sites and situations:
1. Territoriality
Territoriality is a concept that clearly delineates private space from semi - public
and public spaces, and creates a sense of ownership. Ownership thereby
creates an environment where appearance of such strangers and intruders stand
out and are more easily identified through:
a. The enhanced feeling of legitimate ownership by reinforcing existing
natural surveillance and natural access control strategies with additional
symbolic or social ones.
b. The design of space to allow for its continued use and intended
purpose.
c. The use of pavement treatments, landscaping, art, signage, screening
and fences define and outline ownership of space.
2. Natural Surveillance
Natural surveillance is a design concept directed primarily at keeping intruders
under observation. Provision of natural surveillance helps to create environments
where there is plenty of opportunity for people engaged in their normal behavior
to observe the space around them. Areas can be designed so they are more
easily observed through:
a. Design and placement of physical features to maximize visibility. This
will include building orientation, windows, entrances and exits, parking
lots, refuse containers, walkways, guard gates, landscape trees and
shrubs, use of wrought iron fences or walls, signage and other physical
obstructions.
b. Placement of persons or activities to maximize surveillance possibilities.
c. Minimum maintained lighting standards that provide for nighttime
illumination of parking lots, walkways, entrances, exits and related areas
to promote a safe environment.
3. Access Control
Access control is a design concept directed primarily at decreasing criminal
accessibility. Provision of natural access control limits access and increases
natural surveillance to restrict criminal intrusion, especially into areas where they
will not be easily observed. When present, intruders are more readily recognized
through:
a. The use of sidewalks, pavement, gates, lighting and landscaping to
clearly guide the public to and from entrances and exists.
b. The use of gates, fences, walls, landscaping and lighting to prevent or
discourage public access to or from dark or unmonitored areas.
51Page
4. Activity Support
Activity support is the presence of activity planned for the space. Activity support
involves placing activity where the individuals engaged in an activity will become
part of the natural surveillance system. Examples include:
a. Place safe activities in areas that will discourage would be offenders, to
increase the natural surveillance of these activities and the perception of
safety for normal users, and the perception of risk for offenders.
b. Place high risk activities in safer locations to overcome the vulnerability
of these activities by using natural surveillance and access control of the
safe area.
c. Locate gathering areas in locations that provide for natural surveillance
and access control or in locations away from the view of would -be
offenders.
d. Improve the scheduling of space to allow for effective use and
appropriate intensity of accepted behaviors.
5. Maintenance
Proper maintenance of landscaping, lighting treatment and other features can
facilitate the principles of CPTED, territorial reinforcement, natural surveillance
and natural access control. Functions include:
a. Proper maintenance of lighting fixtures to prescribed standards.
b. Landscaping which is maintained at prescribed standards.
c. Minimizing the conflicts between surveillance and landscaping as the
ground cover, shrubs and trees mature.
Recognition of these underlying concepts can help guide property owners, architects,
and developers in designing built environments that accomplish the goals of CPTED as
outlined in these guidelines.
GUIDELINES FOR ADDRESSING
For emergency responders, proper addressing can be a critical factor in finding a location
quickly. In an emergency, Police and Fire Departments need clearly visible address
numbers to be able to identify locations in an expedited manner. A slight delay could
mean life or death. The following guidelines identify address details for different buildings.
Single Family Residences
Addressing for single family buildings should be displayed as a street address number
and consider the following:
Position numerals to be clearly visible from the street.
Contrast numerals with the color of the background surface.
Numeral size at least four inches in height and illuminated during the hours of
61Page
darkness. Light source should be contained within a single, weather - resistant
fixture with an uninterruptible power source.
Include directional arrow or wording indicating any second dwelling unit not visible
from the addressed street.
Multi- family Residences
Multi- family buildings should display a street address number and consider the following:
Each individual unit within the buildings should display clear visible numerals of a
contrasting color to the background at the main dwelling entry door, but not on the
entry door. Size and design should conform to the following:
Minimum four inches in height; or
Minimum two inches in height if the entry door is located within a fully enclosed
corridor; or
Minimum two inches in height if, from the interior of the building common
space area, the sight line to the entry door from any approach does not
exceed 50 feet.
Numerals within one foot of the door frame and illuminated during the hours
of darkness. Light source should be contained within a single, weather -
resistant fixture with an uninterruptible power source.
Multi - family Complex
At each vehicle entrance of a multi - family complex, an illuminated diagrammatic
representation of the complex should be provided which depicts the location of the viewer
and the unit locations within the complex. The diagram should be of a size clearly
readable from a distance of at least 10 feet. It should be lighted during the hours of
darkness utilizing a light source constructed of weather and vandal resistant materials,
and with an uninterruptible power source.
A wayfinding plan should be developed indicating the following:
Location and wording of directional signage for vehicles and pedestrians;
Location of building address numbers; and
Landscaping details for areas near any signage or address numbers.
The use of numerals at least eight inches in height, if located less than 100
feet from the center line of the addressed street or 12 inches in height if
placed further than 100 feet. The numerals should be illuminated during the
hours of darkness using a light source with an uninterruptible power source.
For sites having multiple buildings for which addressing mounted on the building is not
clearly visible from the street, or for which drive aisles diverge from a site entrance in a
manner such that the direct route to each building is not obvious, vehicle directional signs
should be provided. Vehicle directional signage from the point of site entry to each
71Page
building entrance should display building addresses or unit number range, and be located
at all turning points along the route to a building entrance.
Signs should be at least 2 feet from ground level and not obstructed by
landscaping at full maturity or parked cars.
Building addresses or unit number range numerals should beat least 4 inches
in height using clearly legible font.
Nonresidential Sites
For nonresidential properties, building addressing is referenced in Special Building
Provisions OMC Section 15.52.090 J. Address number sizes may be scaled larger
depending on the building's bulk and mass beyond Security Ordinance Standards at the
direction of the Police and /or Fire Department. Large scale building complexes may
require additional sub - addresses and /or directories at the discretion of the enforcing
authority. Buildings with multiple tenants and units should verify and /or update all address
numbering records, contact the Public Works Engineering Division at (714) 744 -5525.
GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTION SITES
Construction Site
Security measures should be implemented at construction sites in a manner that is
reasonably necessary to control access to the site, and to deter vandalism, theft, and
other crime. The number of access points onto the site should be minimized and, where
feasible, situated in locations that are highly visible from an adjacent street. Perimeter
construction site fencing should be installed adjacent to streets and designed as follows:
An address sign should be installed at all perimeter vehicle access points and
include the street name and number, using minimum eight -inch high letters and
numbers, and posted at the top of the perimeter fence at least five feet from the
ground.
A "No Trespassing" sign, conforming to the requirements of California Penal
Code, Section 602, should be installed at all perimeter access points, posted at
the top of the perimeter fence or at least five feet from the ground.
A 24 -hour emergency phone number, for management of the site, should be
posted at the main gated entrance and on the exterior of an on -site office trailer
or building near the main vehicle entrance.
Chain link or other metal fencing and gates, at least six feet in height,
covered with green 94 percent minimum block out heavy duty plastic screening
material.
81Page
Vehicle and pedestrian access gates should not be covered by view obscuring
material. Fencing should not be covered for the first 20 feet in lineal length, or
greater where necessary for sight distance control, on each side of a gate.
All vehicle and pedestrian openings should have gates and be secured after
Business hours by a padlock(s) designed to prohibit cutting of the shackle.
Gates may be secured by coil chain, minimum 30 grade, at least 3/8 -inch thick or
cable at least 5/16 -inch thick.
Perimeter fencing may be removed when there is no longer outside storage of
building materials or building fixtures and when there are no remaining exterior
construction activities requiring separation of non - construction related personnel
and public from exterior construction activity.
Alternative fencing and protection may be approved by the Chief of Police, their
designee or Chief Building Official.
All motorized construction equipment (such as forklifts, bobcats, backhoes, etc.)
should be rendered inoperable at the end of construction hours; by removing the
key and adding a device to either disable the engine or other measure to prevent
moving it.
A record of on -site motorized construction vehicle equipment should be
developed and maintained for equipment with wheels a minimum of 15 inches in
diameter or larger, listing the manufacturer, model, license plate number, vehicle
identification number (VIN), and product identification number (PIN).
Office trailers and temporary buildings should be secured as follows:
Doors should have a deadbolt lock per OMC Section 15.52.090 B., and an
auxiliary locking device using a hasp or slide bolt with a protective device to
prohibit cutting of a padlock, attached with non - removable bolts from the exterior,
and locked with a padlock having a minimum 1/2 -inch thick shackle with heel and
toe locking; or secured in a manner as approved by the Chief of Police, or
designee.
All windows should be secured from entry using either:
Steel bars of at least 1/2 -inch round or one -inch by 1/4 -inch flat steel material,
spaced not more than five inches apart, securely attached on the inside of the
trailer using bolts that are non - removable from the exterior; or
Steel grate mesh of at least 1/8 -inch thick material, securely attached on the
interior or exterior of the trailer using means that are resistant to removal from the
exterior.
91Page
Storage containers with at least 64 square feet of storage area should be secured as
follows:
Doors should be secured using a hasp or slide bolt with a protective device to
prohibit cutting of the padlock, attached with non - removable bolts from the
exterior, and locked with a padlock having a minimum 1/2 -inch thick shackle with
heel and toe locking; or secured in a manner as approved by the Chief of Police,
or their designee.
Exterior hinge pins should be rendered non - removable by design or welding.
Site lighting should be installed and designed as follows unless otherwise modified or
waived by the Chief Building Official, Chief of Police, or their designee:
Where required lighting would impinge on occupied residential properties
vandal proof motion sensors may be used to control light fixtures.
All vehicle gate locations should be illuminated, during the hours of
darkness, at a minimum one foot - candle of light on the ground, within and on
all sides of the gated opening for a distance of 15 feet beyond the opening.
Outdoor lighting should be maintained and installed so that direct rays are
confined to the site and adjacent properties and streets open to the public are
protected from glare.
All open centralized storage areas for building materials or building
fixtures should be illuminated during the hours of darkness, at a minimum one
foot - candle of light on the ground, within and on all sides of the stored items
for a distance of 15 feet beyond the materials or fixtures.
All trailers, temporary buildings, or containers used as an office or for
storage of building materials, or fixtures for buildings, or construction
equipment should be illuminated on all sides with openings during the hours
of darkness, at a minimum one foot - candle of light on the ground for a
distance of 15 feet beyond the exterior walls.
Construction Site Security Plan
A security plan may be necessary if the residential construction site has 25 or more
dwelling units, or a nonresidential construction site has 50,000 square feet or more of
building area. A security plan should be submitted as part of Building plan check review
unless otherwise modified or waived by the Chief Building Official, Chief of Police, or
their designee prior to issuance of building permits.
A security plan should include the requirements in Section 15.52 and the following:
101Page
A description of the construction site including: Location, size,
boundaries, type of project, overall site plan, access points,
office /storage locations, and contact person responsible for
implementing the security plan.
Institute at least one of the following additional security measures:
Provide color cameras that view all vehicle access points and record
vehicle license plates when the hours of operation cease, saving
recorded activity for at least 60 days; or
Utilize a California State Licensed Security Guard for every 20 acres
or portion thereof, to monitor the site when hours of operation cease,
recording persons and vehicles entering and leaving it, saving
recorded activity for at least 60 days; or
Other alternate measure(s) approved by the Chief of Police or their
designee that are found to provide at least the equivalent security of
providing one of the measures above.
GUIDELINES FOR VACANT PROPERTY
The owner of a vacant property should apply measures reasonably necessary to control
access to the site, and to deter vandalism, theft, and other crime. All security measures
taken to secure vacant properties should be consistent with OMC Chapter 15.52
regarding minimum property maintenance standards and building security standards,
and consider the following:
The number of access points onto the site should be minimized and placed in
locations that are highly visible from an adjacent street.
Perimeter fencing should be installed consistent with construction site fencing
guidelines.
Buildings that are unoccupied should maintain lighting at all exterior doorways.
Gated vehicle and pedestrian openings should be secured after hours of
operation by a padlock(s) chain or cable designed to prevent cutting of the
shackle;
An address sign should be installed at all perimeter vehicle access points.
11 I Page
A "No Trespassing" sign, conforming to the requirements of California Penal
Code, Section 602, should be installed at all perimeter access points, posted at
the top of the perimeter fence or at least five feet from the ground.
A 24 -hour emergency phone number, for management of the site, should be
posted at the main gated entrance and on the exterior of any building or office
trailer near the main vehicle entrance.
GUIDELINES FOR PARKING STRUCTURES
The following crime prevention measures are recommended for the design of parking
structures. These recommendations are not applicable to single family residences or
residential carports.
Parking structure design should create openness by utilizing high ceilings
and long -span construction.
o Shear walls should be avoided, especially near turning bays and
pedestrian paths. Where shear walls are required by the Building Code,
openings should be incorporated where possible to improve natural
surveillance.
Solid perimeter walls should be either full height or not exceed 42 inches
in height from the parking surface.
Interior walls should be painted or stained alight color to improve
illumination.
The number of pedestrian and vehicular access points should be
minimized. Protection against unintended points of access from adjacent
building rooftops is also recommended.
Parking Structure stairway design should consider the following:
Interior doors with clear glazing panels.
Fully enclosed areas beneath stairways at or below ground level or restricted
access.
Complete visibility from either the interior or exterior or both, unless mandated by
the Uniform Building Code to be enclosed.
Installation of shatter resistant mirrors or other equally reflective material at each
level and landing and fully enclosed stairways when required by the Uniform
Building Code and be designed or placed in such a manner as to provide visibility
around corners.
121Page
Elevator cabs and lobbies should be designed to incorporate:
Clear glazing in elevators which serve more than two floors, above ground
level, with at least one shaft wall exposed to the exterior should have clear
glazing installed in one wall to provide visibility into the elevator cab.
Elevator cabs with shatter resistant mirrors or other equally reflective material
placed in a position that maximizes visibility into the cab from lobby areas.
Illumination of elevator cab.
Glazing in enclosed elevator lobbies.
Lighting of driveways, parking areas, stairways, walkways and doors should address the
following:
Illumination levels of three to five foot - candles of light at ground level at all
times unless pedestrian and vehicle access is precluded during non - business
hours, in which case lighting levels may be reduced.
All types of exterior doors should be illuminated, after dark, with a minimum
maintained one foot - candle of light.
Bicycle storage units or racks within parking structures should be designed and protected
as follows:
Located in areas highly visible to users of the facility.
Be illuminated to a level equivalent to the required lighting for the parking facility.
GUIDELINES FOR PRIVATE PARKS, TRAILS AND OPEN SPACES
The following crime prevention measures are recommended for design of parks, trails
and open spaces associated with private development.
Provide clearly defined paths between parking lots and other facilities.
Erect maps to provide a sense of where one is and where one can go. The
maps should clearly identify trails, facilities, emergency phones and other
characteristics.
Post park and trail rules at access and gathering points.
Utilize open fencing to maintain visual access to trail corridors and parks from
adjacent land uses, so that trails and parks do not become isolated from public
view.
131Page
Locate parking lots, picnic areas and facilities used at night near streets and
other activity centers, so they are easily observable by police patrols and other
park users.
Locate children's areas and public restrooms near staffed areas to make
observation of these areas easier.
Provide clearly visible entries to park buildings.
Provide a clear distance of at least 10 feet between trails and landscaping/
woodland to offer proper sight lines.
Clearly mark the areas to be used only during the day with entrance signs or
gates to control accessibility
Place safe activities in areas that will discourage would -be offenders, to increase
the natural surveillance of these activities and the perception of safety for normal
users, and the perception of risk for offenders.
Place high risk activities in safer locations to overcome the vulnerability of these
activities by using natural surveillance and access control of the safe area.
Locate gathering areas in locations that provide for natural surveillance and
access control or in locations away from the view of would -be offenders.
Locate and trim trees and bushes to keep paths open and to eliminate the
potential for areas of concealment.
Locate an adequate number of trash receptacles in areas where people
congregate and by using durable, vandal- resistant materials.
Park benches should have seat dividers to discourage long -term usage such as
sleeping.
141Page
APPENDIX A — GLOSSARY
Access Control - a CPTED design concept directed primarily at decreasing criminal
accessibility. Provision of natural access control limits access and increases natural
surveillance to restrict criminal intrusion, especially into areas where they will not be
easily observed.
Activity Support - a CPTED design concept is the presence of activity planned for the
space. Activity support involves placing activity where the individuals engaged in an
activity will become part of the natural surveillance system.
Construction site - means any site, excluding a single residential lot and additions and
alterations to existing nonresidential structures, upon which construction or demolition
work is occurring, or upon which such work has commenced but has not been
completed. The provisions of this section should apply from the time raw building
materials or equipment are placed on the site until the project is completed.
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) — Security and design
measures that employ Defensible Space, which involves consideration such as
placement and orientation of structures, access and visibility of common areas,
placement of door, windows, addressing and landscaping. CPTED promotes public
safety, physical security and allows residents the ability to monitor activity in
neighboring areas.
Maintenance - a CPTED design concept that proper maintenance of landscaping,
lighting treatment and other features can facilitate the principles of CPTED, territorial
reinforcement, natural surveillance and natural access control.
Natural Surveillance - a CPTED design concept that is directed primarily at keeping
intruders under observation. Provision of natural surveillance helps to create
environments where there is plenty of opportunity for people engaged in their normal
behavior to observe the space around them.
Territoriality - a CPTED design concept that clearly delineates private space from semi-
public and public spaces, and creates a sense of ownership. Ownership thereby creates
an environment where appearance of such strangers and intruders stand out and are
more easily identified.
Vacant property - means any property where there are buildings or other facilities of any
type that have been abandoned or are otherwise not in use for a period of more than 30
calendar days, except that a residential lot should not be deemed to be a vacant
property merely by virtue of the fact that a home on the property is currently
unoccupied.
151Page