RES-11185 Findings Justifying Changes to CA Fire CodeRESOLUTION N0. 11185
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF ORANGE SETTING FORTH FINDINGS
WITH RESPECT TO LOCAL CONDITIONS
WITHIN THE CITY OF ORANGE JUSTIFYING
MODIFICATIONS AND CHANGES TO THE
CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE.
WHEREAS, the Health & Safety Code provides that the City of Orange shall be
governed by the same requirements as those found in the California Fire Code unless the City
Council acts to change the requirements; and
WHEREAS, the Health & Safety Code permits the City Council to malce such changes
or modifications to the California Fire Code as are reasonably necessary because of local
conditions; and
WHEREAS, the Health & Safety Code requires that the City Council make express
findings before making any changes or modifications to the California Fire Code, that such
changes or modifications to the Code must be done in response to local climatic, geographic, or
topographic conditions; and
WHEREAS, the Fire Chief has recommended amendments to the 2019 California Fire
Code as set forth in Ordinance 09-19 because of local climatic, geographical and topographical
conditions; and
WHEREAS, changes and modifications to the 2019 California Fire Code as found in
Ordinance 09-19 are required as a result of the local climatic, geographical and topographical
conditions listed herein.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Orange
as follows:
1. The foregoing recitals are true and correct.
2. The City Council finds the following local climatic, geographical and topographical
conditions exist in the City of Orange:
I. Climatic Conditions
A. The jurisdiction of Orange is located in a semi-arid Mediterranean type climate. It
annually experiences extended periods of high temperatures with little or no
precipitation. Hot, dry (Santa Ana) winds, which may reach speeds of 70 M.P.H. •
or greater, are also common to the area. These climatic conditions cause extreme
drying of vegetation and corrimon building materials. Frequent periods of drought
and low humidity add to the fire danger. This predisposes the area to large
destructive fires (conflagration). In addition to directly damaging or destroying
buildings, these fires are also prone to disrupt utility services throughout the City.
Obstacles generated by a strong wind, such as fallen trees, street lights and utiliTy
poles, and the requirement to climb 75 feet vertically up flights of stairs will
greatly impact the response time to reach an incident scene. Additionally, there is
a significant increase in the amount of wind force at 60 feet above the ground.
Use of aerial type fire fighting apparatus above this height would place rescue
personnel at increased risk of injury.
B. The climate alternates between extended periods of drought and brief flooding
conditions. Flood conditions may affect the Orange City Fire Department's
ability to respond to a fire or emergency condition. Floods also disrupt utility
services to buildings and facilities within the City.
C. Water demand in this densely populated area far exceeds the quantity supplied by
natural precipitation; and although the population continues to grow, the already-
taxed water supply does not. California is projected to increase in population by
nearly 10 million over the next quarter of a century with 50 percent of that growth
centered in Southern California. Due to storage capacities and consumption, and
a limited amount of rainfall future water allocation is not fully dependable. This
necessitates the need for additional and on-site fire protection features. It would
also leave tall buildings vulnerable to uncontrolled fires due to a lack of available
water and an inabiliiy to pump sufficient quantities of available water to floors in
a fire.
D. These dry climatic conditions and winds contribute to the rapid spread of even
small fires originating in high-density housing or vegetation. These fires spread
very quickly and create a need for increased levels of fire protection. The added
protection of fire sprinkler systems and other fire protection features will
supplement normal fire department response by providing immediate protection
for the building occupants and by containing and controlling the fire spread to the
azea of origin. Fire sprinkler systems will also reduce the use of water for
firefighting by as much as 50 to 75 percent.
II. Topo raphical Conditions
A. Natural slopes of 15 percent or greater generally occur throughout the foothills of
the City of Orange. The community of Orange has built and continues to build
upon hills located within the ciTy. The topography of the hills increases the time it
takes to reach buildings, facilities and premises by creating the need for
responding emergency vehicles to climb varying grades, some of which are steep.
Additionally, topography determines the configuration of the access roads in the
hills, sometimes creating circuitous routes which are difficult for large, heavy
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vehicles to navigate. With much of the populated flatlands already built upon,
future growth will occur on steeper slopes and greater constraints in terrain.
B. Traffic and circulation congestion is an artificially created, obstructive
topographical condition, which is common throughout Orange.
C. These topographical conditions combine to create a situation which extends fire
department response times to fires and other emergencies involving the built
environment, and malces it necessary to provide automatic on-site fire-
extinguishing systems and other protection measures to protect occupants and
property.
III. Geolo ical Conditions
The City of Orange, in the Orange County region, is a densely populated area that has
buildings constructed over and near a vast and complex network of faults that are
believed to be capable of producing future earthquakes similar or greater in size that
the 1994 Northridge and the 1971 Sylmar earthquakes. Earthquake faults run along
the northern, eastern and central areas of the City. The Newport-Inglewood Fault,
located within Orange County was the source of the destructive 1933 Long Beach
earthquake (63 magnitude) which took 120 lives and damaged buildings in an area
from Laguna Beach to Marina Del Rey to Whittier. In December 1989, another
earthquake occurred in the jurisdiction of Orange at an ui iown fault line. Regional
planning for reoccurrence of earthquakes is recommended by the state of California,
Department of Conservation.
A. Previous earthquakes have been accompanied by disruption of traffic flow and
fires. A severe seismic event has the potential to negatively impact any rescue or
fire suppression activities because it is likely to create obstacles similar to those
indicated under the high wind section above. With the probability of strong
aftershocks there exists a need to provide increased protection for anyone on
upper floors of buildings. The October 17, 1989, Santa Cruz earthquake resulted
in one major fire in the Marina District(San Francisco). When combined with the
34 other fires locally and over 500 .responses, the department was taxed to its
fullest capabilities. The Marina Fire was difficult to contain because mains
supplying water to the district burst during the earthquake. This situation creates
the need for both additional fire protection and automatic on-site fire protection
for building occupants. State Department of Conservation noted in their 1988
report(Planning Scenario on a Major Earthquake on the Newport-Inglewood Fault
Zone,page 59), "unfortunately, barely meeting the minimum earthquake standazds
of building codes places a building on the verge of being legally unsafe."
B. Road circulation features located throughout Orange can be compromised during
seismic and meteorological events. Located within the City are major roadways,
highways and flood control channels that create barriers and slow response times.
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Hills, slopes, street and storm drain design accompanied with occasional heavy
rainfall, cause roadway flooding and landslides and at times may make an
emergency access route impassable. There aze areas in Orange that naturally have
extended emergency response times that exceed the 5 minute goal.
C. Soils throughout the CiTy possess corrosive properties that reduce the expected
usable life of water services when metallic pipes in contact with soils are utilized.
D. Portions of the City contain active or former flammable gas and/or liquid
production fields, as well as methane-producing closed landfills. These areas
contain a variety of naturally occurring gases, liquids and vapors. These
compounds present toxicity or flammability hazards to building occupants.
Evaluation of these hazards and the risks they pose to development is necessary
implement appropriate mitigation.
N. Summary
Due to the topographical conditions of sprawling development separated by waterways
and narrow and congested streets, and the expected infrastructure damage inherent in
seismic zone described above, it is prudent to amend building standards adopted by the
City of Orange to address these hazards and their respective risks. Part of the strategy
to reduce risks includes the installation of automatic fire sprinkler systems, with the
goals of mitigating extended fire department response time and keeping fires
manageable with reduced fire flow (water) requirements for a given structures.
Additional fire protection is also justified to match the current resources of firefighting
equipment and personnel within the Orange City Fire Department.
ADOPTED this 8th day of October 2019.
Mark A. Murphy,Mayor, City of r
ATTEST:
Pamela Coleman, City Clerk, City o Orange
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I, PAMELA COLEMAN, City Clerk of the City of Orange, California, do hereby certify
i that the foregoing Resolution was duly and regularly adopted by the City Council of the City of
Orange at a regular meeting thereof held on the 8th day of October 2019, by the following vote:
AYES: COiTNCILMEMBERS: Alvarez; Murphy,Nichols, Monaco
NOES: COUNCILMEMBERS: None
ABSENT: COUNCILMEMBERS: None
ABSTAIN: COiJNCILMEMBERS: None
Pamela Coleman, City Clerk, City of Orange
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