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App I - Noise Impact Analysis ASMBLD Appendix I: Noise Impact Analysis THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK NORTH AMERICA | EUROPE | AFRICA | AUSTRALIA | ASIA WWW.FIRSTCARBONSOLUTIONS.COM Noise Impact Analysis The Terrace Apartments City of Orange , Orange County, California Prepared for: City of Orange Planning Division 300 East Chapman Avenue Orange, CA 92866 714.744.5525 Contact: Robert Garcia, Senior Planner Prepared by: FirstCarbon Solutions 250 Commerce , Suite 250 Irvine, CA 92602 714.508.4100 Contact: Jason Brandman, Director Philip Ault, PM, Noise & Air Quality Scientist Date: September 10, 2018 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Table of Contents FirstCarbon Solutions iii Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ v Section 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 - Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives ................................................................... 1 1.2 - Project Summary....................................................................................................... 1 Section 2: Noise and Vibration Fundamentals ............................................................................... 9 2.1 - Characteristics of Noise ............................................................................................. 9 2.2 - Characteristics of Groundborne Vibration ................................................................. 11 Section 3: Regulatory Setting ...................................................................................................... 13 3.1 - Federal Regulations ................................................................................................. 13 3.2 - State Regulations .................................................................................................... 14 3.3 - Local Regulations .................................................................................................... 14 Section 4: Existing Noise Conditions............................................................................................ 19 4.1 - Existing Stationary Source Noise Levels..................................................................... 19 4.2 - Existing Ambient Noise Levels .................................................................................. 19 4.3 - Existing Traffic Noise Levels ...................................................................................... 23 Section 5: Thresholds of Significance and Impact Analysis ........................................................... 25 5.1 - Thresholds of Significance........................................................................................ 25 5.2 - Exceedance of Noise Standards Impacts ................................................................... 25 5.3 - Substantial Permanent Increase Impacts................................................................... 30 5.4 - Substantial Temporary or Periodic Increase Impacts .................................................. 31 5.5 - Excessive Groundborne Vibration Impacts ................................................................ 31 5.6 - Airport Noise Impacts .............................................................................................. 32 Section 6: References ................................................................................................................. 35 Appendix A: Noise Measurement and Traffic Noise Modeling Data List of Tables Table 1: Typical Construction Equipment Maximum Noise Levels, Lmax ............................................ 10 Table 2: Vibration Levels of Construction Equipment..................................................................... 11 Table 3: Summary of EPA Recommended Noise Levels to Protect Public Welfare ............................ 13 Table 4: Federal Transit Administration Construction Vibration Impact Criteria ............................... 14 Table 5: Maximum Allowable Noise Exposure—Transportation Sources ......................................... 15 Table 6: Maximum Allowable Noise Exposure—Stationary Noise Sources ....................................... 17 Table 7: Exterior Noise Standards................................................................................................. 17 Table 8: Short-Term Noise Monitoring Summary ........................................................................... 20 Table 9: Existing Traffic Noise Levels ............................................................................................. 23 Table 10: Existing Traffic Noise Model Results Summary ................................................................ 29 City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Table of Contents Noise Impact Analysis iv FirstCarbon Solutions Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx Table 11: Year 2021 Cumulative Traffic Noise Model Results Summary ........................................... 30 List of Exhibits Exhibit 1: Regional Location Map ................................................................................................... 3 Exhibit 2: Local Vicinity Map, Aerial Base........................................................................................ 5 Exhibit 3: Site Plan ........................................................................................................................ 7 Exhibit 4: Noise Monitoring Locations Map .................................................................................. 21 City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Acronyms and Abbreviations FirstCarbon Solutions v Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADT average daily traffic ANSI American National Standards Institute CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level dB decibel dBA A-weighted decibel FCS FirstCarbon Solutions FHWA Federal Highway Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration Ldn Day-Night Average Sound Level Leq Equivalent Sound Level PPV peak particle velocity RMS root mean square VdB Velocity in decibels THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Introduction FirstCarbon Solutions 1 Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 - Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives This Noise Impact Analysis has been prepared by FirstCarbon Solutions (FCS) to determine the off- site and on-site noise impacts associated with the proposed Terrace Apartment project. The following is provided in this report: • A description of the study area, project site, and proposed project • Information regarding the fundamentals of noise and vibration • A description of the local noise guidelines and standards • A description of the existing noise environment • An analysis of the potential short-term, construction -related noise and vibration impacts from the proposed project • An analysis of long-term, operations-related noise and vibration impacts from the proposed project 1.2 - Project Summary 1.2.1 - Site Location The Terrace Apartments project is located at 200 City Boulevard West in the City of Orange in Orange County, California (see Exhibit 1). The project site is bounded by existing asphalt parking lots to the north and south, City Boulevard West to the east, and South Lewis Street to the west (see Exhibit 2). The project site is surrounded by a variety of land uses including commercial to the north, east and south, and residential to the west. 1.2.2 - Project Description The proposed project would construct three apartment buildings on a 16.9-acre parcel located at 200 City Boulevard West, Orange, California (APN 231-061-48). As shown in Exhibit 3, the proposed project would add three 4-story apartment buildings totaling 167 apartment units at a maximum height of 45 feet, and consisting of 177,616 square feet of floor area. The existing site currently has 441 apartment units in eight buildings consisting of 520,805 square feet of floor area. There are currently 821 exist ing parking stalls. The construction of the project would remove 93 stalls and add an additional 329 parking stalls for a total of 422 parking stalls. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK OrangeCounty SanBernardinoCounty Orange County Los Angeles County 91 83 91 55 57 241 261 241 405 5 Ora nge C ounty Riversid e C ounty 60 110 710 5 605 10 5 405 5 133 1 1 Prado FloodControlBasin SantiagoReservoir ClevelandNationalForest San DimasCovinaAlhambraEl Monte Pomona OntarioEast LosAngeles Walnut ChinoCommerce Whittier Norwalk Yorba LindaFullerton Anaheim Orange Long Beach Garden Grove Seal Beach Santa Ana FountainValleyHuntingtonBeach Costa Mesa Irvine Lake Forest Newport Beach Laguna Hills Laguna Niguel San JuanCapistrano Bell Chino Hills Montclair Laguna Woods Exhib it 1Regional Location Map 5 0 52.5 Miles Text Project Site Source: Census 2000 Data, The CaSIL CITY OF ORANGE • THE TERRACE APARTMENTS NOISE IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT50230001 • 09/2018 | 1_regional.mxd Project Site THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 50230001 • 09/2018 | 2_a eria l.mxd Exhibit 2Loca l Vicinity Ma p Aeria l Ba se Source: ESRI Ima gery CITY OF ORANGE • THE TERRACE APARTMENTS NOISE IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT 5 22 Lampson AveHasterSt TheC ity Driv e S o u t hChapman Ave LewisStCityBoulevardWest850 0 850425 Feet Legend Project Site THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Source: VAN TILBURG, BANVARD & SODERBERGH, AIA, May 2018.I50230001 • 09/2018 | 3_siteplan.cdr Exhibit 3 Site Plan CITY OF ORANGE • THE TERRACE APARTMENTS NOISE IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Noise and Vibration Fundamentals FirstCarbon Solutions 9 Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx SECTION 2: NOISE AND VIBRATION FUNDAMENTALS 2.1 - Characteristics of Noise Noise is generally defined as unwanted sound. Noise consists of any sound that may produce physiological or psychological damage and/or interfere with communication, work, rest, recreation, and sleep. Several noise measurement scales exist , which are used to describe noise in a particular location. A decibel (dB) is a unit of measurement that indicates the relative intensity of a sound. The 0 point on the dB scale is based on the lowest sound level that the healthy, unimpaired human ear can detect. Changes of 3.0 dB or less are only perceptible in laboratory environments. Audible increases in noise levels generally refer to a change of 3.0 dB or more, as this level has been found to be barely perceptible to the human ear in outdoor environments. Sound levels in dB are calculated on a logarithmic basis. An increase of 10 dB represents a 10-fold increase in acoustic energy, while 20 dB is 100 times more intense, and 30 dB is 1,000 times more intense. Each 10 dB increase in sound level is perceived as approximately a doubling of loudness. Sound intensity is normally measured through the A-weighted sound level (dBA). This scale gives greater weight to the frequencies of sound to which the human ear is most sensitive. Noise impacts can be described in three categories : audible impacts, potentially audible, and changes in noise level of less than 1.0 dB. (1) Audible impacts refers to increases in noise levels noticeable to humans. An audible increase in noise level generally refers to a change of 3.0 dB or greater, since this level has been found to be barely perceptible in exterior environments; (2) potentially audible refers to a change in noise level s between 1.0 and 3.0 dB. This range of noise level has been found to be noticeable only in laboratory environments; and (3) changes in noise level of less than 1.0 dB are inaudible to the human ear. Only audible changes in existing ambient or background noise levels are considered potentially significant. As noise spreads from a source, it loses energy so that the farther away the noise receiver is from the noise source, the lower the perceived noise level would be. Geometric spreading causes the sound level to attenuate or be reduced, resulting in a 6-dB reduction in the noise level for each doubling of distance from a single point source of noise, to the noise-sensitive receptor of concern. There are many ways to rate noise for various time periods, but an appropriate rating of ambient noise affecting humans also accounts for the annoying effects of sound. The predominant rating scales for human communities in the State of California are the Leq and community noise equivalent level (CNEL) or the day-night average level (Ldn) based on A-weighted decibels (dBA). Equivalent continuous sound level (Leq ) is the total sound energy of time -varying noise over a sample period. CNEL is the time -varying noise over a 24-hour period, with a 5-dBA weighting factor applied to the hourly Leq for noises occurring from 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. (defined as relaxation hours), and a 10- dBA weighting factor applied to noise occurring from 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. (defined as sleeping hours). Ldn is similar to the CNEL scale but without the adjustment for events occurring during the evening hours. CNEL and Ldn are within one dBA of each other and are normally exchangeable. The noise adjustments are added to the noise events occurring during the more sensitive hours. City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise and Vibration Fundamentals Noise Impact Analysis 10 FirstCarbon Solutions Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx Other noise rating scales of importance when assessing the annoyance factor include the maximum noise level (Lmax), which is the highest exponential time-averaged sound level that occurs during a stated time period. The noise environments discussed in this analysis are specified in terms of maximum levels denoted by Lmax for short-term noise impacts. Lmax reflects peak operating conditions and addresses the annoying aspects of intermittent noise. Common sources of noise in urban environments include mobile sources, such as traffic, and stationary sources, such as mechanical equipment or construction operations. Construction is performed in discrete steps, each of which has its own mix of equipment and, consequently, its own noise characteristics. These various sequential phases would change the character of the noise generated on each construction site and, therefore, would change the noise levels as construction progresses. Despite the variety in the type and size of construction equipment, similarities in the dominant noise sources and patterns of operation allow construction- related noise ranges to be categorized by work phase. Table 1 shows typical noise levels of construction equipment as measured at a distance of 50 feet from the operating equipment. Construction-period noise levels are higher than background ambient noise levels, but they eventually cease once construction is complete. Table 1: Typical Construction Equipment Maximum Noise Levels, Lmax Type of Equipment Specification Maximum Sound Levels for Analysis (dBA at 50 feet) Pickup Truck 55 Pumps 77 Air Compressors 80 Backhoe 80 Front-End Loaders 80 Portable Generators 82 Dump Truck 84 Tractors 84 Auger Drill Rig 85 Concrete Mixer Truck 85 Cranes 85 Dozers 85 Excavators 85 Graders 85 Jackhammers 85 Man Lift 85 City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Noise and Vibration Fundamentals FirstCarbon Solutions 11 Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx Table 1 (cont.): Typical Construction Equipment Maximum Noise Levels, Lmax Type of Equipment Specification Maximum Sound Levels for Analysis (dBA at 50 feet) Paver 85 Pneumatic Tools 85 Rollers 85 Scrapers 85 Concrete/Industrial Saws 90 Impact Pile Driver 95 Vibratory Pile Driver 95 Source: FHWA 2006. Highway Construction Noise Handbook, August. 2.2 - Characteristics of Groundborne Vibration Groundborne vibrations consist of rapidly fluctuating motions within the ground that have an average motion of zero. Vibrating objects in contact with the ground radiate vibration waves through various soil and rock strata to the foundations of nearby buildings. Although groundborne vibration can be felt outdoors, it is typically only an annoyance to people indoors where the associated effects of the shaking of a building can be notable. When assessing annoyance from groundborne vibration, vibration is typically expressed as root mean square (RMS ) velocity in units of decibels of 1 microinch per second. To distinguish vibration levels from noise levels, the unit descriptor is written as “VdB.” In extreme cases, excessive groundborne vibration has the potential to cause structural damage to buildings. Common sources of groundborne vibration include construction activities such as blasting, pile driving, and operating heavy earthmoving equipment. However, construction vibration impacts on building structures are generally assessed in terms of peak particle velocity (PPV). For purposes of this analysis, project related impacts are expressed in terms of PPV. Typical vibration source levels from construction equipment are shown in Table 2. Table 2: Vibration Levels of Construction Equipment Construction Equipment PPV at 25 Feet (inches/second) RMS Velocity in Decibels (VdB) at 25 Feet Water Trucks 0.001 57 Scraper 0.002 58 Bulldozer—small 0.003 58 City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise and Vibration Fundamentals Noise Impact Analysis 12 FirstCarbon Solutions Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx Table 2 (cont.): Vibration Levels of Construction Equipment Construction Equipment PPV at 25 Feet (inches/second) RMS Velocity in Decibels (VdB) at 25 Feet Jackhammer 0.035 79 Concrete Mixer 0.046 81 Concrete Pump 0.046 81 Paver 0.046 81 Pickup Truck 0.046 81 Auger Drill Rig 0.051 82 Backhoe 0.051 82 Crane (Mobile) 0.051 82 Excavator 0.051 82 Grader 0.051 82 Loader 0.051 82 Loaded Trucks 0.076 86 Bulldozer—Large 0.089 87 Caisson drilling 0.089 87 Vibratory Roller (small) 0.101 88 Compactor 0.138 90 Clam shovel drop 0.202 94 Vibratory Roller (large) 0.210 94 Pile Driver (impact-typical) 0.644 104 Pile Driver (impact-upper range) 1.518 112 Source: Compilation of scientific and academic literature, generated by FTA and FHWA. Propagation of vibration through soil can be calculated using the vibration reference equation PPV= PPV ref * (25/D)^n (in/sec) Where: PPV = reference measurement at 25 feet from vibration source D = distance from equipment to property line n = vibration attenuation rate through ground According to Chapter 12 of the Federal Transit Administration Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment manual (FTA 2006), an “n” value of 1.5 is recommended to calculate vibration propagation through typical soil conditions. City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Regulatory Setting FirstCarbon Solutions 13 Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx SECTION 3: REGULATORY SETTING 3.1 - Federal Regulations 3.1.1 - United States Environmental Protection Agency In 1972, Congress enacted the Noise Control Act. This act authorized the Uni ted States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA ) to publish descriptive data on the effects of noise and establish levels of sound “requisite to protect the public welfare with an adequate margin of safety.” These levels are separated into health (hearing loss levels) and welfare (annoyance levels) categories, as shown in Table 3. The EPA cautions that these identified levels are not standards because they do not take into account the cost or feasibility of the levels. For protection against hearing loss, 96 percent of the population would be protected if sound levels are less than or equal to an Leq(24) of 70 dBA. The EPA activity and interference guidelines are designed to ensure reliable speech communication at about 5 feet in the outdoor environment. For outdoor and indoor environments, interference with activity and annoyance should not occur if levels are below 55 dBA and 45 dBA, respectively. Table 3: Summary of EPA Recommended Noise Levels to Protect Public Welfare Effect Level Area Hearing loss Leq (24) < 70 dB All areas Outdoor activity interference and annoyance Ldn < 55 dB Outdoors in residential areas, farms , and other outdoor areas where people spend widely varying amounts of time, and other places in which quiet is a basis for use. Leq (24) < 55 dB Outdoor areas where people spend limited amounts of time, such as schoolyards, playgrounds, etc. Indoor activity interference and annoyance Leq < 45 dB Indoor residential areas. Leq (24) < 45 dB Other indoor areas with human activities such as schools, etc. Note: (24) = Leq duration of 24 hours Source: EPA, 1974. 3.1.2 - Federal Transit Administration The Federal Transit Administration (FTA ) has established industry accepted standards for vibration impact criteria and impact assessment. These guidelines are published in its Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment document (FTA 2006). The FTA guidelines include thresholds for construction vibration impacts for various structural categories as shown in Table 4. City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Regulatory Setting Noise Impact Analysis 14 FirstCarbon Solutions Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx Table 4: Federal Transit Administration Construction Vibration Impact Criteria Building Category PPV (in/sec) Approximate VdB I. Reinforced —Concrete, Steel or Timber (no plaster) 0.5 102 II. Engineered Concrete and Masonry (no plaster) 0.3 98 III. Non Engineer ed Timber and Masonry Buildings 0.2 94 IV. Buildings Extremely Susceptible to Vibration Damage 0.12 90 Note: VdB = Velocity in d ecibels Source: FTA, 2006. 3.2 - State Regulations The State of California has established regulations that help prevent adverse impacts to occupants of buildings located near noise sources. Referred to as the “State Noise Insulation Standard,” it requires buildings to meet performance standards through design and/or building materials that would offset any noise source in the vicinity of the receptor. State regulations include requirements for the construction of new hotels, motels, apartment houses, and dwellings other than detached single-family dwellings that are intended to limit the extent of noise transmitted into habitable spaces. These requirements are found in the California Code of Regulations, Title 24 (known as the Building Standards Administrative Code), Part 2 (known as the California Building Code), Appendix Chapters 12 and 12A. For limiting noise transmitted between adjacent dwelling units, the noise insulation standards specify the extent to which walls, doors, and floor-ceiling assemblies must block or absorb sound. For limiting noise from exterior noise sources, the noise insulation standards set an interior standard of 45 dBA CNEL in any habitable room with all doors and windows closed. In addition, the standards require preparation of an acoustical analysis demonstrating the manner in which dwelling units have been designed to meet this interior standard, where such units are proposed in an area with exterior noise levels greater than 60 dBA CNEL. Government Code Section 65302 mandates that the legislative body of each county and city in California adopt a noise element as part of their comprehensive general plan. The local noise element must recognize the land use compatibility guidelines published by the State Department of Health Services. These guidelines rank noise and land use compatibility in terms of normally acceptable, conditionally acceptable, normally unacceptable, and clearly unacceptable. The City of Orange has adopted and modified the State’s land use compatibility guidelines as discussed in the following section. 3.3 - Local Regulations The project site is located within the City of Orange, in Orange County, California. The City of Orange addresses noise in the Noise Element of its General Plan (Orange General Plan 2010) and in its Code of Ordinances (City of Orange , 2018). City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Regulatory Setting FirstCarbon Solutions 15 Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx 3.3.1 - City of Orange General Plan The City of Orange adopted its General Plan in March 2010. The objective of the Orange General Plan Noise Element is to improve the quality of life for all residents by providing residential, commercial, industrial, and public uses that exist in harmony with the surrounding urban and natural environments. To assist with meeting this objective, the Orange General Plan establishes a Max imum Allowable Noise Exposure standard for new and existing land use developments affected by transportation and stationary noise sources; as well as criteria for determining if new developments would result in a permanent substantial increase in ambient noise levels. These standards are summarized below: The City of Orange establishes maximum allowable exterior and interior noise levels for new land use developments affected by transportation noise in Table N-3 of the Orange General Plan (Table 5). This table organizes acceptable noise levels for new land use developments into categories that are based on property zoning designations, and the proposed type of land use development. The categories that apply to the proposed project are Urban Mixed Use and Multi ple Family —Mixed Use. Under this designation, exterior noise levels of up to 65 dBA CNEL, and interior noise levels of up to 45 dBA CNEL, are acceptable for new land use developments. The City of Orange establishes maximum allowable noise exposure levels for new and existing noise- sensitive land use developments affected by stationary noise sources in Table N-4 of the Orange General Plan (Table 6). According to this table, noise levels of up to 55 dBA Leq and maximum noise levels of up to 70 dBALmax are considered to be acceptable between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. Between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m., noise levels of up to 45 dBA Leq and maximum noise levels of up to 65 dBALmax are considered to be acceptable , as measured at the outdoor activity area of the receiving land use . In addition to its standards for maximum allowable noise exposure, the Orange General Plan has established criteria for identifying substantial permanent increases in ambient noise levels. According to the Orange General Plan, an increase in ambient noise levels is assumed to be a significant noise impact if a project causes ambient noise levels to exceed the following levels : • 5 dBA CNEL or greater, w here the existing ambient noise level is less than 65 dBA. • 3 dBA CNEL or greater, w here the existing ambient noi se level is greater than 65 dBA. Table 5: Maximum Allowable Noise Exposure—Transportation Sources Land Use CNEL (dBA) Designations (as shown on Figure LU -5) Uses Interior1,3 Exterior2 Estate Low Density Residential Low Density Residential Low Medium Density Residential Single-family, duplex, and multiple-family 45 65 Mobile home park N/A 65 Medium Density Residential Neighborhood Single-family 45 65 Mobile home park N/A 65 City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Regulatory Setting Noise Impact Analysis 16 FirstCarbon Solutions Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx Table 5 (cont.): Maximum Allowable Noise Exposure—Transportation Sources Land Use CNEL (dBA) Designations (as shown on Figure LU -5) Uses Interior1,3 Exterior2 Mixed -use Neighborhood Office Professional Old Towne Mixed -use General Commercial Yorba Commercial Overlay Urban Mixed-use Urban Office Professional Multiple-family, mixed-use 45 654,5 Transient lodging—motels, hotels 45 65 Sports arenas, outdoor spectator sports N/A N/A Auditoriums , concert halls, amphitheaters 45 N/A Office buildings, business, commercial and professional 50 N/A Light Industrial Industrial Manufacturing, utilities, agriculture N/A N/A Public Facilities and Institutions Schools, nursing homes, day care facilities, hospitals, convalescent facilities, dormitories 45 65 Government Facilities —offices, fire stations, community buildings 45 N/A Places of Worship, Churches 45 N/A Libraries 45 N/A Utilities N/A N/A Cemeteries N/A N/A Recreation Commercial Open Space Open Space—Park Open Space—Ridgeline Resource Area Playgrounds, neighborhood parks N/A 70 Golf courses, riding stables, water recreation, cemeteries N/A N/A Notes: 1 Interior habitable environment excludes bathrooms, closets and corridors. 2 Exterior noise level standard to be applied at outdoor activity areas; such as private yards, private patio or balcony of a multi-family residence. Where the location of an outdoor activity area is unknown or not applicable, the noise standard shall be applied inside the property line of the receiving land use. 3 Interior noise standards shall be satisfied with windows in the closed position. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided per Uniform Building Code (UBC) requirements. 4 Within the Urban Mixed-Use, Neighborhood Mixed-Use, Old Towne Mixed-Use , and Medium Density Residential land use designations, exterior space standards apply only to common outdoor recreational areas. 5 Within Urban Mixed-Use and Medium Density Residential land use designations, exterior noise levels on private patios or balconies located within 250 feet of freeways (I-5, SR-57, SR-55, SR -22, or SR-241) and Smart Streets and Principal Arterials identified in the Circulation & Mobility Element that exceed 70 dB should provide additional common open space. N/A=Not Applicable to specified land use category or designation Source: City of Orange, 2010. City of Ora nge General Plan Noise Element, Table N-3. City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Regulatory Setting FirstCarbon Solutions 17 Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx Table 6: Maximum Allowable Noise Exposure—Stationary Noise Sources Noise Level Descriptor Daytime (7 a.m. to 10 p.m.) Nighttime (10 p.m. to 7 a.m.) Hourly Equivalent Level (Leq ), dBA 55 45 Maximum Level (Lmax), dBA 70 65 Notes: 1 These standards apply to new or existing noise sensitive land uses affected by new or existing non-transportation noise sources, as determined at the outdoor activity area of the receiving land use. However, these noise level standards do not apply to residential units established in conjunction with industria l or commercial uses (e.g., caretaker dwellings). 2 Each of the noise levels specified above should be lowered by five dB for simple tone noises, noises consisting primarily of speech or music, or for recurring impulsive noises . Such noises are generally considered by residents to be particularly annoying and are a primary source of noise complaints. These noise level standards do not apply to residential units established in conjunction with industrial or commercial uses (e.g. caretaker dwellings). 3 No standards have been included for interior noise levels. Standard construction practices that comply with the exterior noise levels identified in this table generally result in acceptable interior noise levels. 4 The City may impose noise level standards w hich are more or less restrictive than those specified above based upon determination of existing low or high ambient noise levels. If the existing ambient noise level exceeds the standards listed in Table N-4, then the noise level standards shall be increased at 3 dB increments to encompass the ambient environment. Noise level standards incorporating adjustments for existing ambient noise levels shall not exceed a maximum of 70 dB Leq. Source: City of Orange, 2010. City of Orange General Plan Noise Element, Table N-4. City of Orange Code of Ordinances The City of Orange establishes its noise ordinance in the Noise Control chapter of its Code of Ordinances. The Noise Control chapter establishes noise performance standards for noise-sensitive land uses and permissible hours for construction activities . These ordinances are summarized below. According to the City’s Code of Ordinances, noise levels generated by fixed noise sources, unless otherwise specifically indicated, shall not exceed the levels established in Table 7 at any residential property. Table 7: Exterior Noise Standards Noise Zone Noise Level Time Period Hourly Average (Leq ) 55 dB (A) 7:00 a.m.–10:00 p.m. 50 dB (A) 10:00 p.m.–7:00 a.m. Maximum Level 70 dB (A) 7:00 a.m.–10:00 p.m. 65 dB (A) 10:00 p.m.–7:00 a.m. Source: City of Orange, 2018. City of Orange Municipal Code, Section 8.24.040 Furthermore, i t is unlawful for any person at any location within the City to create any noise, or to allow the creation of any noise on property owned, leased, occupied or otherwise controlled by such person, which causes the noise level when measured on any other resi dential property to exceed the noise standards identified in Table 7. For multi -family residential or mixed -use developments City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Regulatory Setting Noise Impact Analysis 18 FirstCarbon Solutions Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx located within the City’s Urban —Mixed-Us e, Neighborhood Mixed-Use, Old Towne Mixed -Use or Medium Density Residential General Plan land use districts, exterior noise standards shall apply to common recreation areas only and shall not apply to private exterior space (such as a private yard, patio, or balcony). In the event the ambient noise level exceeds the noise standards identified in Table 7, the “adjusted ambient noise level” shall be applied as the noise standard. In cases where the noise standard is adjusted due to a high ambient noise level, the noise standard shall not exceed the “adjusted ambient noise level,” or 70 dB (A), whichever is less. In cases where the ambient noise level is already greater than 70 dB (A), the ambient noise level shall be applied as the noise standard. Each of the noise limits specified in Table 7 shall be reduced by 5 dBA for impact or simple tone noises, recurring impulsive noises, or for noises consisting of speech or music. According to the City’s Code of Ordinances, noise sources associated with construction, repair, remodeling, or grading of any real property, are exempt from the City’s Noise Control ordinance provided said activities take place between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on any day except for Sunday or a Federal holiday, or between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on Sunday or a Federal holiday. City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Existing Noise Conditions FirstCarbon Solutions 19 Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx SECTION 4: EXISTING NOISE CONDITIONS The following section describes the existing ambient noise environment of the project vicinity. 4.1 - Existing Stationary Source Noise Levels The project site is located in the City of Orange , California. The project site is bound by West Chapman Avenue (north), The City Drive (east), Garden Grove Freeway (California State Route 22) (south) and South Lewis Street (west); see Exhibit 2. The project site is surrounded by a variety of land uses including commercial to the north, east, and south, and residential to the west. Existing stationary noise sources in the project vicinity generate noise from truck deliveries, and typical parking lot activities. A typical medium truck (step-van type with roll-doors) with loading and unloading activities in the project vicinity could result in maximum noise levels from 70 dBA to 80 dBA Lmax at 50 feet. Representative parking activities, such as people conversing or doors shutting, could generate approximately 60 dBA to 70 dBA Lmax at 50 feet. These activities are potential point sources of noise that contribute to the existing ambient noise environment in the project vicinity. 4.2 - Existing Ambient Noise Levels The existing noise levels on the project site were documented through a noise monitoring effort performed at the project site. Three short-term noise measurements were conducted beginning Tuesday, August 29, 2017, at 12:14 p.m. and ending at 1:57 p.m. The results of the short-term noise measurements are summarized in Table 8, below. The first measurement, ST-1, was taken near the Western boundary of the project site along South Lewis Street, immediately across from the Christ Cathedral (formerly known as the Crystal Cathedral) Memorial Gardens. The resulting measurement showed that ambient noise levels at this location averaged 73.3 dBA Leq . As was observed by the technician at the time of the noise measurement, the dominant noise source in the project vicinity was from traffic traveling along Lewis Avenue. The second measurement, ST-2, was taken at the northwest corner of the South Lewis Street and Dawn Avenue intersection. The resulting measurement showed that ambient noise levels at this location averaged 70.7 dBA Leq . As was observed by the technician at the time of the noise measurement, the dominant noise source in the project vicinity was from traffic traveling along Lewis Avenue. The third measurement, ST-3, was taken along West City Boulevard, near the project site’s southeastern corner. The resulting measurement showed that ambient noise levels at this location averaged 52.3 dBA Leq . As was observed by the technician at the time of the noise measurement, the dominant noise source in the project vicinity was from traffic traveling along West City Boulevard. City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Existing Noise Conditions Noise Impact Analysis 20 FirstCarbon Solutions Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx Table 8: Short-Term Noise Monitoring Summary Site Location Description Leq Lmax Lmin ST-1 Western boundary of the project site along South Lewis Street, immediately across from the Cathedral Memorial Gardens 73.3 84.6 53.6 ST-2 Northwest corner of the South Lewis Street and Dawn Avenue intersection 70.7 84.0 46.4 ST-3 Along West City Boulevard, near the project site’s southeastern corner 52.3 64.4 48.3 Source: FirstCarbon Solutions, 2018. The ambient noise measurement locations are shown in Exhibit 4. The noise monitoring survey data sheets are provided in Appendix A. A long-term ambient noise measurement was conducted from 1:55 p.m. on September 29, 2018, to 1:55 p.m. on September 30, 2017. The long-term measurement was taken along West City Boulevard, near the project site’s eastern boundary. The long-term noise measurement data is provided in Appendix A, and the location is shown in Exhibit 4. The results show that weekday 24- hour average day/night noise levels at this location ranged up to 65.6 dBA CNEL, with daytime hourly average noise levels of 64.2 dBA Leq and nighttime hourly average noise levels of 57.1 dBA Leq . When the long-term noise measurement began, the sky w as clear, the temperature was 91.2 degrees Fahrenheit (°F), with average wind speeds of 1.3 miles per hour. Noise measurements were taken using a Larson-Davis Model LxT ® Type 2 precision sound level meter programmed in “slow” mode to record noise levels in “A” weighted form. The sound level meter and microphone was held approximately 5 feet above the ground and was equipped with a windscreen during all measurements. The sound level meter was calibrated before and after the monitoring using a Larson-Davis calibrator, Model CAL 150. The accuracy of the calibrator is maintained through a program established through the manufacturer and is traceable to the National Bureau of Standards. The unit meets the requirements of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard S1.4-1984 and IEC Standard 942: 1988 for Class 2 equipment. All noise level measurement equipment meets ANSI specifications for sound level meters (S1.4 1983 identified in Chapter 19.68.020.AA). 50230001 • 09/2018 | 4_noise.mxd Exhib it 4Noise Monitoring Locations Map Sou rce: ESRI Imagery CITY TERRACE ASSOCIATES, LTD • THE TERRACE APARTMENTS NOISE IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORTLewisStST-1 ST-2 LT-1 ST-3 200 0 200100 Feet Legend Project Site Noise Monitoring Location THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Existing Noise Conditions FirstCarbon Solutions 23 Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx 4.3 - Existing Traffic Noise Levels Existing traffic noise levels along selected roadway segments in the project vicinity were modeled using the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA ) Traffic Noise Prediction Model (FHWA -RD-77-108). Site -specific information is entered, such as roadway traffic volumes, roadway active width, source - to-receiver distances, travel speed, and noise source and receiver heights, as well as the automobiles, medium trucks, and heavy trucks that travel the route throughout the day, amongst other variables. The average daily traffic (ADT) volumes were obtained from the traffic analysis prepared for the project by Linscott, Law & Greenspan (2018). The traffic vo lumes described here correspond to the existing without project conditions traffic scenario as described in the transportation analysis. The model inputs and outputs—including the 60 dBA, 65 dBA, and 70 dBA CNEL noise contour distances—are provided in the Appendix of this document. A summary of the modeling results are shown in Table 9. Table 9: Existing Traffic Noise Levels Roadway Segment Approximate ADT Center-line to 70 CNEL (feet) Center-line to 65 CNEL (feet) Center-line to 60 CNEL (feet) CNEL (dBA) 50 feet from Centerline of Outermost Lane South Lewis Street—Chapman Avenue to Project Driveway 1 18,600 < 50 95 200 66.8 South Lewis Street—Project Driveway 1 to Project Driveway 2 17,800 < 50 93 195 66.6 South Lewis Street—Project Driveway 2 to Lampson Avenue 17,900 < 50 93 195 66.6 City Boulevard West—Manchester Avenue to Project Driveway 3 3,400 < 50 < 50 < 50 49.6 City Boulevard West—Project Driveway 3 to The City Way 2,600 < 50 < 50 < 50 48.5 City Boulevard West—The City Way to City Parkway 9,300 < 50 < 50 < 50 54.9 Note: 1 Modeling results do not take into account mitigating features such as topography, vegetative screening, fencing, building design, or structure screening. Rather it assumes a worst case of having a direct line of site on flat terrain. Source: FirstCarbon Solutions, 2018. The highest traffic noise level that the project site would be exposed to is along South Lewis Street from Project Driveway 1 to Project Driveway 2, at a level of 66.6 dBA CNEL, at 50 feet from the centerline of the outermost lane. The nearest proposed façade adjacent to this roadway segment would be located approximately 85 feet from the centerline of the roadway. At this distance, traffic noise levels from this roadway segment would range up to approximately 65 dBA CNEL at this nearest façade. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Thresholds of Significance and Impact Analysis FirstCarbon Solutions 25 Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx SECTION 5: THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT ANALYSIS 5.1 - Thresholds of Significance This report analyzes potential project impacts according to the following criteria of significance. The proposed project would result in a significant impact if the project would result in: a) Exposure of persons to, or generation of, noise levels in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies; b) A substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project; c) A substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project; or d) Exposure of persons to, or generation of, excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels. e) For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within 2 miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? f) For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? 5.2 - Exceedance of Noise Standards Impacts 5.2.1 - Construction Noise Impacts A significant impact would occur if project-related, noise producing construction activities would occur during hours other than those permitted by the City’s Code of Ordinances. Noise impacts from construction activities associated with the project would be a function of the noise generated by construction equipment, equipment location, sensitivity of nearby land uses, and the timing and duration of the construction activities. Two types of short-term noise impacts could occur during construction of the proposed project. First, construction crew commutes and the transport of construction equipment and materials to the project site would incrementally increase noise levels on access roads leading to the project site. A characteristic of noise is that a doubling of sound sources with equal strength is required to result in a 3 dBA increase in noise level. Project-related construction trips would not result in a doubling of traffic volumes on any roadway segment in the project vicinity, therefore they would not result in even a 3 dBA increase in traffic noise levels compared to levels that would exist without the project. Although there would be a relatively high single-event noise exposure potential causing intermittent noise nuisance, the effect on longer-term (hourly or daily) ambient noise levels would be small. City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Thresholds of Significance and Impact Analysis Noise Impact Analysis 26 FirstCarbon Solutions Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx Therefore, short-term construction -related impacts associated with worker commute and equipment transport to the project site would be less than significant. The second type of short-term noise impact is related to noise generated during construction on the project site. Construction is completed in discrete steps, each of which has its own mix of equipment and, consequently, its own noise characteristics. These various sequential phases would change the character of the noise generated on the site and, therefore, the noise levels surrounding the site as construction progresses. Despite the variety in the type and size of construction equipment, similarities in the dominant noise sources and patterns of operation allow construction- related noise ranges to be categorized by work phase. Table 1 lists typical construction equipment noise levels, based on a distance of 50 feet between the equipment and a noise receptor. Typical operating cycles for these types of construction equipment may involve 1 or 2 minutes of full-power operation, followed by 3 or 4 minutes at lower power settings. The demolition and construction that would take place during this project would likely require the use of scrapers, bulldozers, water trucks, haul trucks, and pickup trucks. Based on the information provided in Table 1, the maximum noise level generated by each scraper is assumed to be 85 dBA Lmax at 50 feet from this equipment. Each bulldozer would also generate 85 dBA Lmax at 50 feet. The maximum noise level generated by graders is approximately 85 dBA Lmax at 50 feet. Each doubling of sound sources with equal strength increases the noise level by 3 dBA. Assuming that each piece of construction equipment operates at some distance from the other equipment, a reasonable worst- case combined noise level during this phase of construction would be 90 dBA Lmax at a distance of 50 feet from the acoustic center of a construction area. This would result in a reasonable worst-case hourly average of 86 dBA Leq . The acoustical center reference is used because construction equipment must operate at some distance from one another on a project site (they cannot all operate simultaneously at a single point), and the combined noise level as measured at a point equidistant from the sources (acoustic center) would be the worst-case maximum noise level. Within the project site boundaries, there are existing residential and non-residential developments that would be potentially exposed to noise produced by construction activities associated with the new proposed developments. Proposed construction activities would take place on the east and west ends of the project site. Noise levels at existing developments closest to the proposed project’s construction areas are described below: The closest off-site noise-sensitive receptor to the project ’s proposed construction area is an existing single-family residential home located east of South Lewis Avenue. This receptor would be located approximately 90 feet from the acousti c center of the nearest proposed construction area at the project site where multiple pieces of heavy construction equipment would operate simultaneously. At this distance, worst-case construction noise levels could range up to approximately 85 dBA Lmax , intermittently, and could have an hourly average of up to 81 dBA Leq , at the façade of this nearest existing single-family residential building. The closest existing on-site apartment building to the project ’s proposed construction area would be located approximately 75 feet from the acoustic center of the nearest proposed construction area at the project site where multiple pieces of heavy construction equipment would operate simultaneously. At this distance, worst-case construction noise levels could ran ge up to City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Thresholds of Significance and Impact Analysis FirstCarbon Solutions 27 Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx approximately 86 dBA Lmax, intermittently, and could have an hourly average of up to 82 dBA Leq , at the façade of this nearest existing single -family residential building. Compliance with the City ordinance for permissible construction hours would reduce the effects of noise produced by construction activities on longer-term (hourly or daily) ambient noise levels, and would reduce potential impacts that could result in annoyance or sleep disturbances at nearby sensitive receptors. The City ordinance for permissible construction hours limits noise producing construction activities to the hours between 7:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on any day except for Sunday or a Federal holiday, or between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on Sunday or a Federal holiday. Restricting construction activities to these times and implementing the best management noise reduction techniques and practices outlined in Mitigation Measure (MM) NOI-1, would ensure that construction noise levels would not expose persons to noise levels in excess of established standards. Therefore, potential short-term construction noise impacts to receptors in project vicinity would be reduced to a less than significant level. Mitigation Measures MM NOI -1 Implementation of the following multi-part mitigation measure is required to reduce potential construction period noise impacts: • The construction contractor shall ensure that all equipment driven by internal combustion engines shall be equipped with mufflers, which are in good condition and appropriate for the equipment. • The construction contractor shall ensure that unnecessary idling of internal combustion engines (i.e., idling in excess of 5 minutes) is prohibited. • The construction contractor shall utilize “quiet” models of air compressors and other stationary noise sources where technology exists. • At all times during project grading and construction, the construction contractor shall ensure that stationary noise-generating equipment shall be located as far as practicable from sensitive receptors and placed so that emitted noise is directed away from adjacent residences. • The construction contractor shall ensure that the construction staging areas shall be located to create the greatest feasible distance between the staging area and noise-sensitive receptors nearest the project site. • The construction contractor shall ensure that all on-site demolition and construction activities, including deliveries and engine warm-up, shall be restricted to the hours between 7:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on any day except for Sunday or a Federal holiday, or between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on Sunday or a Federal holiday. • The construction contractor shall designate a noise disturbance coordinator who would be responsible for responding to any local complaints about construction noise. The disturbance coordinator would determine the cause of the noise complaints (starting too early, bad muffler, etc.) and establish reasonable measures necessary to correct the problem. The construction contractor shall visibly post a telephone number for the disturbance coordinator at the construction site. City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Thresholds of Significance and Impact Analysis Noise Impact Analysis 28 FirstCarbon Solutions Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx 5.2.2 - Stationary Source Operational Noise Impacts A significant impact would occur if operational noise levels generated by stationary noise sources at the proposed project site would exceed the following levels at the outdoor activity area of any residential land use in the project vicinity: • 55 dBA Leq or 70 dBA Lmax between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m.; or • 45 dBA Leq or 65 dBA Lmax between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. According to the City noise ordinance, for multi -family residential or mixed -use developm ents located within the Orange General Plan’s Urban Mixed-Use , Neighborhood Mixed-Use, Old Town e Mixed -Use or Medium Density Residential land use districts, the City’s exterior noise standards shall apply to common recreation areas only. The proposed project would include new stationary noise sources such as parking lot activities, and mechanical ventilation system equipment. These would be potential point sources of noise that could affect noise-sensitive receptors in the project vicinity. Typical parking lot activities include people conversing, doors shutting, or vehicles idling, and can generate noise levels of approximately 60 dBA to 70 dBA Lmax at 50 feet. These activities are expected to occur sporadically throughout the day, as visitors and staff arrive and leave parking lot areas. The project ’s site plan proposes to add 422 on-site parking spaces; 34 of these parking spaces would be located above -ground while the remaining spaces would be included in the project ’s proposed underground parking structures. Noise levels produced by underground parking activities would not impact existing noise -sensitive land uses surrounding the project site. The nearest noise -sensit ive receptor to the proposed project’s above-ground parking area is an existing multi -family residential building (Building 4) located west of City Boulevard West. Because this receptor is located within an Urban Mixed-Use zoning district, the City’s exterior noise standard applies only to this receptor ’s common recreation areas. This receptor ’s common recreation area (pool) would be located approximately 125 feet from the nearest proposed parking area on the project site. Additionally, the intervening Club House building would block the line of site between the proposed parking lot and the nearest common recreation area providing, at minimum, 10 dBA in shielding reduction. At this distance, and accounting for the attenuation provided by the intervening structure , noise levels from parking lot activities would attenuate to below 52 dBA Lmax at the outdoor activity area of the nearest existing residential receptor. Because parking lot activities would be expected to occur sporadically throughout the day, as customers and employees arrive and leave the parking lot areas, when averaged over a period of time, noise levels produced by these activities would not exceed the City’s maximum nighttime noise performance threshold for a receiving residential land use of 65 dBA Lmax . Additionally, these noise levels would not exceed the City’s nighttime hourly threshold of 45 dBA Leq . Therefore, the impact of parking lot activities to sensitive off-site receptors in the project vicinity would be less than significant. At the time of preparation of this analysis, details were not available pertaining to proposed mechanical ventilation systems for the project ; therefore, a reference noise level for typical mechanical ventilation systems was used for this analysis. Noise levels from typical mechanical ventilation City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Thresholds of Significance and Impact Analysis FirstCarbon Solutions 29 Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx equipment are anticipated to range up to approximately 60 dBA Leq at a distance of 25 feet. Proposed rooftop mechanical ventilation systems at the project site could be located as close as 60 feet from the nearest noise-sensitive receptor which is the existing on-site apartment buildings. Additionally, the equipment would be set back a minimum of 10 feet from the edge of the roof. Therefore, the edge of the roof and roof parapet on the proposed apartment building would block the line of sight from all rooftop equipment to this nearest receptor, providing shielding and additional noise reduction. At this distance , and with the shielding provided by the edge of the roof and roof parapet, noise levels generated by this equipment would attenuate to below 42 dBA Leq at the closest noise-sensitive receptor. These noise levels are below the City’s maximum nighttime noise performance threshold for a receiving residential land use of 65 dBA Lmax. Additionally, these noise levels would not exceed the Ci ty’s nighttime hourly threshold of 45 dBA Leq . Therefore, the impact of mechanical ventilation equipment operational noise levels to sensitive off-site receptors would be less than significant. 5.2.3 - Mobile Source Operational Noise Impacts A significant impact would occur if persons working or residing at the proposed project site would be exposed to traffic noise levels exceeding the City’s Maximum Allowable Noise Exposure threshold of 65 dBA CNEL for new multi -family, mixed-use developments located within an Urban Mixed-Use zoning district. The FHWA highway traffic noise prediction model (FHWA RD-77-108) was used to evaluate existing and future traffic noise conditions in the vicinity of the project site . Traffic data used in the model was obtained from the traffic report for the project prepared by Linscott, Law & Greenspan (2018). The resultant noise levels were weighed and summed over a 24-hour period in order to determine the CNEL values. The traffic noise modeling input and output files are included in Appendix C of this document. Table 10 shows a summary of the traffic noise levels for existing traffic condition noise levels with and without the project, as measured at 50 feet from the centerline of the outermost travel lane . Table 11 shows a summary of the traffic noise levels for year 2021 cumulative traffic condition noise levels with and without the project. Table 10: Existing Traffic Noise Model Results Summary Roadway Segment Existing No Project CNEL (dBA) Existing Plus Project (dBA) CNEL Increase over Existing No Project (dBA) South Lewis Street—Chapman Avenue to Project Driveway 1 66.8 66.9 0.1 South Lewis Street—Project Driveway 1 to Project Driveway 2 66.6 66.7 0.1 South Lewis Street—Project Driveway 2 to Lampson Avenue 66.6 66.6 0.0 City Boulevard West—Manchester Avenue to Project Driveway 3 49.6 49.9 0.3 City Boulevard West—Project Driveway 3 to The City Way 48.5 48.5 0.0 City Boulevard West—The City Way to City Parkway 54.9 54.9 0.0 Note: Traffic noise levels as measured at 50 feet from the centerline of the outermost travel lane. Source: FCS, 2018. City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Thresholds of Significance and Impact Analysis Noise Impact Analysis 30 FirstCarbon Solutions Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx Table 11: Year 2021 Cumulative Traffic Noise Model Results Summary Roadway Segment Cumulative No Project CNEL (dBA) Cumulative Plus Project (dBA) CNEL Increase over Cumulative No Project (dBA) South Lewis Street—Chapman to Project Driveway 1 67.4 67.4 0.0 South Lewis Street—Project Driveway 1 to Project Driveway 2 67.1 67.2 0.1 South Lewis Street—Project Driveway 2 to Lampson Avenue 67.2 67.2 0.0 City Boulevard West—Manchester Avenue to Project Driveway 3 49.7 50.1 0.4 City Boulevard West—Project Driveway 3 to The City Way 48.6 48.6 0.0 City Boulevard West—The City Way to City Parkway 55.2 55.3 0.1 Note: Traffic noise levels as measured at 50 feet from the centerline of the outermost travel lane. Source: FCS, 2018. As shown in Table 11, projected traffic noise levels along City Boulevard West between The City Way and City Parkway adjacent to the east boundary of the project site would range up to approximately 55 dBA CNEL as measured at 50 feet from the centerline of the nearest travel lane under cumulative plus project conditions. The nearest façade of the proposed multi -family residential unit would be located approximately 50 feet from the centerline of City Boulevard West. At this distance, traffic noise levels from City Boulevard West would range up to approximately 58 dBA Ldn. These noise levels are below the City’s Maximum Allowable Noise Exposure threshold of 65 dBA Ldn for new multi -family developments. Therefore, implementation of the proposed multi-family residential land use on the east side of the project site would not expose persons to traffic noise levels in excess of acceptable standards. As shown in Table 11, projected traffic noise levels along South Lewis Street between Project Driveway 1 and Project Driveway 2 adjacent to the west boundary of the project site would range up to approximately 67 dBA CNEL as measured at 50 feet from the centerline of the nearest travel lane under cumulative plus project conditions. The nearest façade of the proposed multi-family residential unit would be located approximately 100 feet from the centerline of South Lewis Street. At this distance, traffic noise levels from South Lewis Street would range up to approximately 64 dBA Ldn. These noise levels are below the City’s Maximum Allowable Noise Exposure threshold of 65 dBA Ldn for new multi -family developments. Therefore, implementation of the proposed multi- family residential land use on the west side of the project site would not expose persons to traffic noise levels in excess of acceptable standards. 5.3 - Substantial Permanent Increase Impacts According to the Orange General Plan, the City considers permanent increases in ambient noise levels to be significant if a new development would result in an increase by any of the following levels as measured at the outdoor activity area of any noise -sensitive land use : City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Thresholds of Significance and Impact Analysis FirstCarbon Solutions 31 Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx • +5 dBA CNEL where the existing ambient noise level is less than 65 dBA. • +3 dBA CNEL where the existing ambient noise level is greater than 65 dBA. This highest traffic noise level increase with implementation of the project would occur along City Boulevard West from Manchester Avenue to Project Driveway 3 under cumulative plus project conditions. The project would result in an increase of 0.4 dBA. This increase is below the level that is considered a perceptible change (a 3 dBA increase), and is well below a 5 dBA increase that would be considered a substantial permanent increase in noise levels compared with noise levels that would exist without the project . Therefore, project-related traffic noise impacts on off-site receptors would be less than significant. As is shown in the impact discussion of Section 5.2.2, new stationary noise sources resulting from implementation of the project would not result in noise levels above existing ambient noise levels as measured at off -site sensitive receptors . The maximum noise level generated by project-related stationary noise sources would range up to 42 dBA Leq and 52 Lmax as measured at the nearest sensitive receptor. The noise measurement results indicate that existing ambient noise levels at the project site have daytime hourly average noise levels up to 64.2 Leq and 94.2 dBA Lmax. Therefore, project-related stationary sources would not result in the +3 dBA CNEL increase above existing ambient noise levels needed to cause a substantial permanent increase. As a result, stationary noise level impacts to off-site receptors would be less than significant. 5.4 - Substantial Temporary or Periodic Increase Impacts Construction noise impacts were analyzed in the impact discussion Section 5.2—Exceedance of Noise Standards Impacts, above. Project-related construction activities could result in high intermittent noise levels of up to approximately 86 dBA Lmax at the closest noise -sensitive land uses. Although there would be a relatively high single event noise exposure potential causing intermittent noise nuisance, the effect on longer-term (hourly or daily) ambient noise levels would be small. In addition, the project would be required to comply with the City’s Code of Ordinances requirements including the permissible hours of construction activities. Therefore, implementation of MM NOI -1 re quiring compliance with the City’s permissible hours of construction and implementation of best management noise reduction techniques and practices would ensure that construction noise would not result in a substantial temporary i ncrease in ambient noise levels, which would be a less than significant impact. 5.5 - Excessive Groundborne Vibration Impacts The City of Orange has not established its own vibration impact criteria. Therefore, for purposes of this analysis, the FTA damage criteria was utilized to evaluate the potential impact of groundborne vibration levels, associated with project-related construction activities, on structures in the project vicinity. A significant impact would occur if structures in the project vicinity would be exposed to groundborne vibration levels in excess of the levels established by the FTA’s Construction Vibration Impact Criteria, as shown in Table 4. City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Thresholds of Significance and Impact Analysis Noise Impact Analysis 32 FirstCarbon Solutions Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx Project-related construction and operational groundborne vibration impacts are analyzed separately below. Groundborne vibrations consist of rapidly fluctuating motions within the ground that have an average motion of zero. Vibrating objects in contact with the ground radiate vibration waves through various soil and rock strata to the foundations of nearby buildings. In extreme cases, excessive groundborne vibration has the potential to cause structural damage to buildings. Common sources of groundborne vibration include construction activities such as blasting, pile driving, and operating heavy earthmoving equipment. 5.5.1 - Short-term Construction Vibration Impacts Of the variety of equipment that would be used during construction, large vibratory rollers would produce the greatest groundborne vibration levels. Impact equipment such as pile drivers are not expected to be used during construction of this project. Large vibratory rollers produce groundborne vibration levels ranging up to 0.210 inch per second (in/sec) PPV at 25 feet from the operating equipment. The closest receptor to the project’s proposed construction areas is a single-family residential home located east of South Lewis Street, south of the project site. The façade of this structure would be located approximately 40 feet from the nearest proposed construction area where heavy construction equipment would potentially operate. At this distance, groundborne vibratio n levels could range up to 0.096 PPV from operation of a large vibratory roller. This is below the industry standard vibration damage criterion of 0.12 PPV for the most sensitive type of structure: Buildings Extremely Susceptible to Vibration Damage . Therefore, construction-related groundborne vibration impacts would be considered less than significant. 5.5.2 - Operational Vibration Impacts Implementation of the project would not include any permanent sources that would expose persons in the project vicinity to groundborne vibration levels that could be perceptible without instruments at any existing sensitive land use in the project vicinity. In addition, there are no existing significant permanent sources of groundborne vibration in the project vicinity to which the proposed project would be exposed. Therefore, project operational groundborne vibration-level impacts would be considered less than significant. 5.6 - Airport Noise Impacts 5.6.1 - Public Airport Noise Impacts The nearest public airport to the project site is the John Wayne Airport, located approximately 7.5 miles southeast of the project site. Because of the distance from, and orientation of the airport runways, the project site is located well outside of the 60 dBA CNEL airport noise contours. Therefore, implementation of the project would not expose persons visiting or working at the project site to noise l evels from airport activity that would exceed normally acceptable standards established by the City or in an airport land use plan. Impacts associated with public airport noise would be less than significant. City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis Thresholds of Significance and Impact Analysis FirstCarbon Solutions 33 Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx 5.6.2 - Private Airstrips Noise Impacts The project si te is not located within the vicinity of a private airstrip. Therefore, no impacts associated with private airstrip noise would occur. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis References FirstCarbon Solutions 35 Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx SECTION 6: REFERENCES City of Orange. 2010. Orange General Plan. Noise Element. March City of Orange. 2017. Orange Municipal Code. Website: https://library.municode.com/ca/orange/ codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=ORANGEMUCO. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 2006. Highway Construction Noise Handbook. August. Federal Transit Administration (FTA). 2006. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment. May. Linscott, Law & Greenspan. 2018. The Terraces Apartments, Orange, Traffic Impact Analysis. August. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1978. Protective Noise Levels, EPA 550/9-79-100. November. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK City of Orange—The Terrace Apartments Noise Impact Analysis FirstCarbon Solutions Y:\Publications\Client (PN-JN)\5023 \50230001\Noise\50230001 The Terrace Apts - Noise Report.docx Appendix A: Noise Measurement and Traffic Noise Modeling Data THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK TABLE Existing-01 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Lewis Street - Chapman to Project Driveway 1 NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Existing _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 18600 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 66.80 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 95.4 200.3 429.0 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 1 TABLE Existing-02 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Lewis Street - Project Driveway 1 to Project Driveway 2 NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Existing _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 17800 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 66.61 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 92.8 194.6 416.7 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 2 TABLE Existing-03 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Lewis Street - Project Driveway 2 to Lampson Avenue NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Existing _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 17900 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 66.64 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 93.1 195.3 418.2 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 3 TABLE Existing-04 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: City Boulevard West - Manchester Avenue to Project Driveway 3 NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Existing _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 3400 SPEED (MPH): 15 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 49.62 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 4 TABLE Existing-05 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: City Boulevard West - Project Driveway 3 to The City Way NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Existing _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 2600 SPEED (MPH): 15 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 48.45 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 5 TABLE Existing-06 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: City Boulevard West - The City Way to City Parkway NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Existing _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 9300 SPEED (MPH): 15 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 12 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 54.91 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.2 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 6 TABLE Existing + Project-01 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Lewis Street - Chapman to Project Driveway 1 NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Existing + Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 18800 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 66.85 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 96.0 201.7 432.1 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 7 TABLE Existing + Project-02 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Lewis Street - Project Driveway 1 to Project Driveway 2 NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Existing + Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 18000 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 66.66 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 93.5 196.0 419.8 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 8 TABLE Existing + Project-03 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Lewis Street - Project Driveway 2 to Lampson Avenue NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Existing + Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 17900 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 66.64 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 93.1 195.3 418.2 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 9 TABLE Existing + Project-04 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: City Boulevard West - Manchester Avenue to Project Driveway 3 NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Existing + Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 3600 SPEED (MPH): 15 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 49.87 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 10 TABLE Existing + Project-05 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: City Boulevard West - Project Driveway 3 to The City Way NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Existing + Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 2600 SPEED (MPH): 15 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 48.45 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 11 TABLE Existing + Project-06 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: City Boulevard West - The City Way to City Parkway NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Existing + Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 9300 SPEED (MPH): 15 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 12 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 54.91 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.2 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 12 TABLE Year 2021 Cumulative No Project-01 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Lewis Street - Chapman to Project Driveway 1 NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Year 2021 Cumulative No Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 21300 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 67.39 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 103.9 219.0 469.5 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 13 TABLE Year 2021 Cumulative No Project-02 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Lewis Street - Project Driveway 1 to Project Driveway 2 NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Year 2021 Cumulative No Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 20100 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 67.14 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 100.1 210.8 451.7 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 14 TABLE Year 2021 Cumulative No Project-03 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Lewis Street - Project Driveway 2 to Lampson Avenue NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Year 2021 Cumulative No Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 20200 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 67.16 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 100.5 211.5 453.2 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 15 TABLE Year 2021 Cumulative No Project-04 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: City Boulevard West - Manchester Avenue to Project Driveway 3 NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Year 2021 Cumulative No Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 3500 SPEED (MPH): 15 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 49.74 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 16 TABLE Year 2021 Cumulative No Project-05 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: City Boulevard West - Project Driveway 3 to The City Way NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Year 2021 Cumulative No Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 2700 SPEED (MPH): 15 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 48.62 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 17 TABLE Year 2021 Cumulative No Project-06 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: City Boulevard West - The City Way to City Parkway NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Year 2021 Cumulative No Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 10000 SPEED (MPH): 15 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 12 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 55.23 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 0.0 0.0 64.1 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 18 TABLE Year 2021 Cumulative + Project-01 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Lewis Street - Chapman to Project Driveway 1 NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Year 2021 Cumulative + Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 21500 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 67.43 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 104.5 220.3 472.4 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 19 TABLE Year 2021 Cumulative + Project-02 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Lewis Street - Project Driveway 1 to Project Driveway 2 NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Year 2021 Cumulative + Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 20300 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 67.18 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 100.8 212.2 454.7 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 20 TABLE Year 2021 Cumulative + Project-03 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Lewis Street - Project Driveway 2 to Lampson Avenue NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Year 2021 Cumulative + Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 20300 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 67.18 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 100.8 212.2 454.7 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 21 TABLE Year 2021 Cumulative + Project-04 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: City Boulevard West - Manchester Avenue to Project Driveway 3 NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Year 2021 Cumulative + Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 3800 SPEED (MPH): 15 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 50.10 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 22 TABLE Year 2021 Cumulative + Project-05 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: City Boulevard West - Project Driveway 3 to The City Way NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Year 2021 Cumulative + Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 2700 SPEED (MPH): 15 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 24 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 48.62 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 23 TABLE Year 2021 Cumulative + Project-06 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 08/06/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: City Boulevard West - The City Way to City Parkway NOTES: Terrace Apartments - Year 2021 Cumulative + Project _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 10100 SPEED (MPH): 15 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 12 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT _________________________________________________________________ _____ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 55.27 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 0.0 0.0 0.0 64.5 _________________________________________________________________ _____ 24 25 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK